INorthwest Oilfield Well Completion
Ngo-2022, ngenxa yomthelela womqedazwe we-COVID-19, iNorthwest Oilfield Well Completion Management Center yaphothula amaphrojekthi angama-24, okuhlanganisa nemishini yokulawula imithombo kawoyela kanye nokuhlanzwa kwamapayipi kawoyela asindayo, konga izindleko zokuthenga zamayuan ayizigidi eziyi-13.683.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi kawoyela, ububanzi bepayipi buba buncane kakhulu ngenxa yemiphumela ye-wax, ama-polymers, nosawoti, ukunciphisa ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani ezimbayo ngokuvamile zihlanza amapayipi kanye ngonyaka. Ngemuva kokwelapha ama-weld seams ahlangene amapayipi, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza amapayipi.
Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziswa njengamapayipi kawoyela anokugqwala kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Uma kungahlanjululwa, lokhu kuzongcolisa uwoyela we-hydraulic ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, okuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwamadivayisi we-hydraulic. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukususa ukugqwala endaweni yangaphakathi yamapayipi ngokusebenzisa ukugeza kwe-asidi. Ukugeza i-asidi nakho kungasusa ukugqwala endaweni engaphandle yamapayipi, okuzuzisa ukusebenzisa upende ophikisana nokugqwala endaweni yangaphandle yamapayipi, okuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuhlala isikhathi eside kwe-anti-corrosion. Ukugeza i-asidi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isixazululo se-asidi esine-concentration of 0% kuya ku-15%. I-Youzhu Company, ngokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ye-corrosion inhibitor:UZ CI-180, isivimbeli esimelana ne-acidizing corrosion inhibitor ukuze sisetshenziswe endaweni kawoyela. Enkambisweni ye-acidizing noma i-pickling, i-asidi izogqwala insimbi, futhi ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinga nobubanzi bokugqwala kuzokwanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni kwendawo yamafutha, ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwepayipi lokushisa eliphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, okungahlobene kuphela nezinzuzo zokuxhashazwa kwe-oilfield, kodwa futhi kuhlobene eduze nokuphepha kokukhiqiza. Izinga lokuguguleka kwe-asidi kumapayipi nemishini lincike esikhathini sokuthintana, ukugcwala kwe-asidi nezimo zokushisa, njll. I-UZ CI-180 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-350°F (180°C), ukugqwala. umphumela we-asidi ensimbi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu phansi komthombo ungancishiswa kakhulu ngokungeza i-UZ CI-180 kumxube we-asidi. U-Youzhu uthole ukuqashelwa okuphezulu okuvela eNorthwest Oilfield Management Center ngamaphrojekthi ayo okuhlanza amapayipi, ukwakhiwa koketshezi lokumba, kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini.
I-Fengye 1-10HF kahle
Itholakala ku-Dong San Road eDolobheni lase-Dongying, umthombo we-Fengye 1-10HF uwumthombo wokuqala kawoyela we-shale ovundlile ukunqamula umgoqo womjikelezo wokumba wezinsuku ezingama-20, uqedele izinsuku ezingama-24 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe. Ingenye yezindawo ezintathu kazwelonke zokubonisa uwoyela we-shale ezigunyazwe Uphiko Lwezokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke kanye nendawo yokuqala kazwelonke yokubonisa uwoyela we-shale we-continental fault basin shale e-China. Ngokuqeda umthombo ezinsukwini ezingu-24 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 zamayuan zongiwe ngezindleko.
Ngenxa yokuba seduze komthombo oseduze owaphuka amamitha angu-400 nje kanye nokuba seduze komngcele wamatshe owubhuqu, i-Fengye 1-10HF ibhekane kahle nezingozi zokungena kwamanzi, ukuchichima, nokulahlekelwa uketshezi. Ukwengeza, amazinga okushisa aphezulu ezansi nomthombo abe nezinselele kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Ithimba lephrojekthi ligxile ekusekelweni kobuchwepheshe bonjiniyela kanye nokubhekana nezindaba ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe. Baxazulule ngokulandelana izingqinamba ezinjengobunzima bokubikezela amabala amnandi e-heterogeneity aqinile, imikhawulo yamathuluzi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu nezingcindezi, kanye nokubambisana kokulahleka koketshezi lokumba kanye nokungena kwabantu.
Bakha futhi basebenzisa uhlelo lodaka olusekelwe ekwenziweni ukuze bathuthukise uketshezi. Phakathi kwalokhu, isithasiselo samanje soketshezi lokumba i-TF FL WH-1 Cement Fluid-loss Additives, ethuthukiswe ngu-Youzhu singakha ifilimu yekhwalithi ephezulu ebusweni bomthombo we-shale, ivimbele isisefo sokumba uketshezi ukuthi singangeni ekubunjweni, TF FL WH- I-1 yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa emithonjeni enamazinga okushisa ajikelezayo embobo engezansi (BHCTs) ku-60℉(15.6℃) kuya ku-400℉ (204℃).
I-TF FL WH-1 inikeza ukulawulwa kokulahlekelwa koketshezi lwe-API ngaphansi kuka-36cc/30min ngenkathi ilawula ukufuduka kwegesi kusukela ekubunjweni. Ngokujwayelekile i-0.6% kuya ku-2.0% i-BWOC iyadingeka kumaslurries amaningi. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-0.8% BWONgakho kuvikela indawo yokugcina amanzi kanye nokuzinzisa umthombo. Lokhu kuvala ngokuphumelelayo izimbotshana ze-shale kanye nama-microfractures, ukuvimbela i-filtrate yoketshezi lokumba ukuthi ingangeni futhi inciphise ukudluliswa komfutho we-pore, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuvinjelwa koketshezi lokumba.
Imiphumela yohlelo lokusebenza lwasensimini ibonisa ukuthi uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe emanzini olusebenza kahle luvimbela kakhulu, lukhuphula isivinini sokumba ngomshini, luzinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, luvikela ichibi, futhi aluhambisani nemvelo.
Sinopec sika Bazhong 1HF kahle
NgoFebhuwari 2022, umthombo we-Sinopec's Bazhong 1HF, osesiteshini somfula i-Jurassic uwoyela we-sandstone kanye nethangi legesi, wahlongoza ngendlela entsha "i-fracturing, imbibition, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kahle" komqondo womklamo wokuqhekeka. Le ndlela yenzelwe ukubhekana nezici zamadamu e-sandstone amashaneli omfula aminyene kanye nama-coefficients omfutho wokwakheka okuphezulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-fracturing obuthuthukisiwe, obuhlanganisa "ukusika okuqinile + ukuxhuma isikhashana kanye nokuphambukisa + ukungezwa kwesihlabathi esinamandla amakhulu + ukuthuthukiswa kukawoyela we-imbibition," kuthuthukise kakhulu umthamo wokugeleza kawoyela ongaphansi komhlaba negesi futhi kwasungula imodeli entsha yokuqhekeka, okuhlinzeka ngereferensi enkulu- ukuqhekeka kwesikali kwemithombo evundlile.
Isengezo se-Youzhuo sokulahlekelwa uketshezi olusezingeni eliphezulu, i-ejenti yokuxhuma evimbela ukugoqa, kanye nesilawuli sohlobo lokugeleza okuphezulu lokushisa kuketshezi oluqhekekayo kunqoba ukucindezela kanye nezinselele zokulahlekelwa uketshezi okubangelwa ukubunjwa kwezimbotshana, ingcindezi yomthombo, namandla edwala. Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka ijeli obukhethekile, obutholakala eSouthwest Petroleum University, buvumela ijeli ekhethekile ukuthi iyeke ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugeleza ngemva kokufaka ungqimba lokulahlekelwa, ukugcwalisa ukuphuka nezikhala ezingenalutho, kwakha "ipulaki yejeli" ehlukanisa uketshezi lwangaphakathi lokubunjwa kuketshezi lwe-wellbore. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvuzeni okunamandla ekwakhekeni okuqhekekile, kwezimbotshana, neziphukile ngokulahleka koketshezi okubalulekile kanye namavolumu amancane okubuya.
I-Tarim Oilfield
NgoMeyi 30, 2023, ngo-11:46 AM, i-Tarim Oilfield ye-China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) yaqala ukumba emthonjeni i-Shendi Teke 1, okubonisa ukuqala kohambo lokuhlola isayensi ye-geological ejulile nobunjiniyela ekujuleni okufinyelelekayo. 10,000 amamitha. Lokhu kuphawula isikhathi esiyingqophamlando sobunjiniyela bomhlaba obujulile baseShayina, okubonisa impumelelo enkulu kubuchwepheshe bezwe bokuhlola umhlaba ojulile kanye nokuqala "kwenkathi yamamitha ayi-10,000" emandleni okumba.
Umthombo we-Shendi Teke 1 utholakala e-Shaya County, e-Aksu Prefecture, e-Xinjiang, enkabeni ye-Taklamakan Desert. Kuwumsebenzi obalulekile "womhlaba ojulile" we-CNPC eTarim Oilfield, eduze nendawo ye-Fuman ultra-deep oil and gas, enobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-8,000 kanye nemithombo engamathani ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Umthombo uklanyelwe ukujula okungamamitha ayi-11,100 kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe sokumba kanye nokuqeda izinsuku ezingama-457. NgoMashi 4, 2024, ukujula kokumba kwe-Shendi Teke 1 kudlule amamitha angu-10,000, okwenza kube umthombo wesibili emhlabeni kanye nomthombo wokuqala ome mpo e-Asia ukwedlula lokhu kujula. Lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sibonisa ukuthi i-China izinqobe ngokuzimela izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nokumba imithombo ejule kakhulu yalolu hlobo.
Ukubhoboza ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10,000 kungenye yezinkambu eziyinselelo enkulu kubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bakawoyela negesi, enezingqinamba eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Kuphinde kube yinkomba esemqoka yamakhono ezwe wobunjiniyela kanye nemishini. Njengoba sibhekene nezimo zokushisa ze-downhole ezeqisayo nezimo zokucindezela, intuthuko enkulu yenziwe kuketshezi lokumba olushisa kakhulu, amamotho amelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubhola okuqondisayo. Ukuphumelela kuphinde kwazuzwa ekuthathweni kwesampula okuyinhloko kanye nemishini yokugawulwa kwezintambo, amaloli aphuka ngomfutho we-ultra-high-pressure anomthamo we-MPa we-175, kanye nemishini ye-fracturing fluid, ehlolwe ngempumelelo endaweni. Lezi ntuthuko ziholele ekwakhiweni kobuchwepheshe obuningi obubalulekile bokumba okuphephile nangempumelelo nokuqedwa kwemithombo ejule kakhulu.
Kuhlelo lokubhoboza uketshezi olusetshenziswa kule phrojekthi, izindawo ezithile zokushisa eziphakeme, ezinomfutho ophakeme zabhekwana nokuthuthukiswa kwezinciphisi eziphakeme zokulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye nama-corrosion inhibitors agcina izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-rheological ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi kulula ukulungisa nokugcina. Izithasiselo zokulawula ubumba ziphinde zathuthukisa amandla okukhipha amanzi ezinhlayiya zobumba ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuzinza koketshezi lokumba.
I-Jimusar shale oil
I-Jimusar shale oil iyindawo yokuqala kazwelonke yaseChina yokubonisa uwoyela we-shale, etholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga yeJunggar Basin. Ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,278 futhi inengcebo elinganiselwe yamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.112. Ngo-2018, kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamafutha e-Jimusar shale. Ngekota yokuqala, i-Xinjiang Jimusar National Terrestrial Shale Demonstration Zone ikhiqize amathani angu-315,000 kawoyela we-shale, kwabeka umlando omusha. Indawo yokubonisa isheshisa imizamo yokwandisa izindawo zokugcina uwoyela we-shale kanye nokukhiqizwa, ngezinhlelo zokuqeda imithombo yokumba eyi-100 kanye nemithombo eyi-110 eqhekekayo ngo-2024.
Amafutha e-shale, okungamafutha axhunywe etsheni le-shale noma ngaphakathi kwemifantu yalo, ingenye yezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zamafutha ukuze zikhishwe. I-Xinjiang inemithombo kawoyela we-shale ecebile enamathemba abanzi okuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa. I-China ikhombe izinsiza zikawoyela we-shale njengendawo ebalulekile yokushintshwa kukawoyela esikhathini esizayo. U-Wu Chengmei, unjiniyela wesibili e-Geological Research Center ye-Jiqing Oilfield Operations Area e-Xinjiang Oilfield, uchaza ukuthi uwoyela we-Jimusar shale ngokuvamile ugqitshwa ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3,800 ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukungcwatshwa okujulile kanye nokungena kancane kancane kwenza ukukhipha kube yinselele njengokukhipha uwoyela etsheni le-whetstone.
Ukuthuthukiswa kukawoyela we-shale wasemhlabeni ngokuvamile kubhekana nezinselele ezine ezinkulu: okokuqala, uwoyela unzima uma kuqhathaniswa, okwenza kube nzima ukugeleza; okwesibili, amabala amnandi mancane futhi kunzima ukubikezela; okwesithathu, ubumba oluphezulu lwenza kube nzima ukuqhekeka; okwesine, ukusabalalisa akuhambisani, imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zici sekuyisikhathi eside zikhawulela intuthuko enkulu futhi ephumelelayo kawoyela we-terrestrial shale e-China. Kuphrojekthi, ukwelapha uketshezi olugelezayo oluphukayo, isithasiselo esisha sisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukunukubezeka futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha uketshezi, lubuyisele uketshezi oluphukayo ukuze luphinde lusetshenziswe. Le ndlela yahlolwa emithonjeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngo-2023 yaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Kusukela ngoJuni 2024, iphrojekthi ihlela ukusebenzisa uketshezi oluphinde lwakhiwe kabusha emsebenzini omkhulu wokuqhekeka.
Ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwephrojekthi kuqukethe ama-seams amalahle, izingxenye zetshe lodaka elimpunga kanye nensundu, okuyizinto ezizwelayo emanzini. Ku-block yamafutha we-Jimusar shale, ingxenye evulekile yomthombo wesibili yinde, futhi isikhathi sokucwiliswa kokubunjwa siyandiswa. Uma kusetshenziswa udaka olusekelwe emanzini, ukuwa kanye nokungazinzi kungenzeka, kodwa uketshezi lokumba olusekelwe kuwoyela alubangeli imiphumela ye-hydration. Uketshezi lokumba i-emulsion yamafutha emanzini, lapho zizinzile, futhi akubangeli imiphumela ye-hydration, ngakho-ke uketshezi lokumba olususelwa kuwoyela aludali izingcindezi zokuvuvukala kwe-hydration. Ucwaningo luye lwaholela ekwamukelweni kohlelo lodaka olusekelwe kuwoyela, olunemigomo nezinyathelo zokulwa nokuwa: 1. Ukuvimbela amakhemikhali: Ukulawula isilinganiso samanzi samafutha ngaphezu kwama-80:20 ukunciphisa ukungena kwesigaba samanzi ekubunjweni, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuvukala nokuwa kwemithungo yamalahle kanye nokwakheka okungezwani namanzi kakhulu. 2. Ukuxhuma okungokoqobo: Ukwengeza ama-agent anesisindo njengezinto ze-calcium kusengaphambili ekwakhiweni okubuthakathaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo othwala ingcindezi futhi kuvimbele ukuvuza kahle. 3. Usekelo lwemishini: Ukulawula ukuminyana ngaphezu kuka-1.52g/cm³, kancane kancane kukhuphula ukuminyana kumkhawulo wokuklama ongu-1.58g/cm³ esigabeni sokwakha. Ama-ejenti okulinganisa isisindo akhiqizwe yi-Youzhu Company angafinyelela umphumela oyifunayo, aqinisekise ukuphothulwa okushelelayo nangempumelelo kwamaphrojekthi okumba nokuphothula kahle.