Amacala Okufaka Isicelo Sezithasiselo Zamakhemikhali E-Oilfield

Ngo-2022, ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, i-Northwest Oilfield Well Completion Management Center yaqeda amaphrojekthi angu-24, okuhlanganisa imishini yokulawula imithombo yamafutha kanye nokuhlanza amapayipi okuvimba uwoyela okunzima, okusindisa izindleko zokuthenga ezingama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-13.683.

Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi kawoyela, ububanzi bamapayipi buba buncane kakhulu ngenxa yemiphumela ye-wax, ama-polymer, nosawoti, okunciphisa ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe. Ngakho-ke, izinkampani zokumba ngokuvamile zihlanza amapayipi kanye ngonyaka. Ngemva kokwelapha imithungo yokushisela yamajoyinti amapayipi, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza amapayipi.

Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, amapayipi ensimbi asetshenziswa njengamapayipi kawoyela anokugqwala kokubili ezindaweni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Uma kungahlanzwa, lokhu kuzongcolisa uwoyela we-hydraulic ngemva kokusetshenziswa, kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwamadivayisi e-hydraulic. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukususa ukugqwala ebusweni bangaphakathi bamapayipi ngokuwasha nge-asidi. Ukuwasha nge-asidi kungasusa nokugqwala ebusweni bangaphandle bamapayipi, okuzuzisa ukufaka upende wokulwa nokugqwala ebusweni bangaphandle bamapayipi, kuhlinzeke ngokuvikelwa kokulwa nokugqwala okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuwasha nge-asidi ngokuvamile kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-asidi esinokugxila okungu-0% kuya ku-15%. Inkampani i-Youzhu, ngokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yokuvimbela ukugqwala: UZ CI-180, isithiyo sokugqwala esimelana nokushisa okuphezulu sokusetshenziswa endaweni kawoyela. Enkambisweni yokwenza i-asidi noma ukukhahlela, i-asidi izogqwala insimbi, futhi ekushiseni okuphezulu, izinga kanye nobubanzi bokugqwala kuzokhushulwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizweni kwendawo kawoyela, ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwepayipi lokushisa eliphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, okungahlobene nje kuphela nezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwendawo kawoyela, kodwa futhi okuhlobene eduze nokuphepha kokukhiqiza. Izinga lokuguguleka kwe-asidi emapayipini nasemishinini lincike esikhathini sokuxhumana, ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi kanye nezimo zokushisa, njll. I-UZ CI-180 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu, futhi emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-350°F (180°C), umphumela wokugqwala kwe-asidi ensimbini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu phansi komthombo ungancishiswa kakhulu ngokungeza i-UZ CI-180 engxubeni ye-asidi. I-Youzhu ithole ukuqashelwa okuphezulu yi-Northwest Oilfield Management Center ngamaphrojekthi ayo okuhlanza amapayipi, ukwakheka koketshezi lokubhoboza, kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini.

Itholakala eDong San Road eDongying City, umthombo weFengye 1-10HF uwumthombo wokuqala ovundlile kawoyela we-shale odabula umngcele wokubhoboza wezinsuku ezingama-20, uqeda izinsuku ezingama-24 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Ungenye yezindawo ezintathu zokubonisa uwoyela we-shale kazwelonke ezivunyiwe yiNational Energy Administration kanye nendawo yokuqala yokubonisa uwoyela we-shale kazwelonke eShayina. Ngokuqedela umthombo izinsuku ezingama-24 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esibekiwe, kwagcinwa ama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10 ezindlekweni.

Ngenxa yokusondela komthombo oseduze oqhekekile ngamamitha angu-400 nje kuphela kanye nokusondela komngcele wedwala lamatshe ayigugu, umthombo we-Fengye 1-10HF ubhekane nezingozi zokungena kwamanzi, ukugcwala, kanye nokulahleka koketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okushisa aphezulu phansi komthombo abeka izinselele kumathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Ithimba lephrojekthi ligxile ekusekelweni kobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela kanye nokubhekana nezinkinga ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe. Baxazulula ngokulandelana imikhawulo efana nobunzima bokubikezela izindawo eziqinile zokungafani, imikhawulo yamathuluzi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka, kanye nokuba khona kokulahleka koketshezi lokubhoboza kanye nokugeleza kwalo.

Bathuthukise futhi basebenzisa uhlelo lodaka olusekelwe kokwenziwa ukuze bathuthukise ukugeleza. Phakathi kwalokhu, izithasiselo zamanje zoketshezi lokubhoboza i-TF FL WH-1 Cement Fluid-loss Additives, ezakhiwe yi-Youzhu zingakha ifilimu esezingeni eliphezulu ebusweni be-shale wellbore, zivimbele uketshezi lokubhoboza ukuthi lungangeni ekwakhekeni, i-TF FL WH-1 yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emithonjeni enamazinga okushisa ajikelezayo emigodini engezansi (ama-BHCT) ku-60℉(15.6℃) kuya ku-400℉ (204℃).

I-TF FL WH-1 inikeza ukulawula ukulahleka koketshezi lwe-API ngaphansi kwama-36cc/30min ngenkathi ilawula ukufuduka kwegesi kusuka ekwakhekeni. Ngokuvamile i-BWOC engu-0.6% kuya ku-2.0% iyadingeka ezindaweni eziningi ezimanzi. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-0.8% BWOC ngaleyo ndlela ivikele idamu futhi izinzise i-wellbor. Lokhu kuvala ngempumelelo ama-shale pores nama-microfractures, kuvimbele i-drilling fluid filtrate ukuthi ingangeni futhi inciphise ukudluliselwa kwengcindezi ye-pore, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuvinjelwa koketshezi lokubhoboza.

Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwensimu ikhombisa ukuthi uketshezi lokubhoboza olusekelwe emanzini olusebenza kahle kakhulu luvimbela kakhulu, lwandisa isivinini sokubhoboza ngomshini, luzinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, luvikela ichibi, futhi lunobungani nemvelo.

NgoFebhuwari 2022, umthombo we-Sinopec iBazhong 1HF, otholakala endaweni yokugcina uwoyela negesi yesanti yomfula iJurassic, waphakamisa ngobuhlakani umqondo womklamo wokwakheka ko ...

Isithasiselo sokulahlekelwa uketshezi olusezingeni eliphezulu sika-Youzhuo, i-ejenti yokuxhuma evimbela ukuwa esezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nomlawuli wohlobo lokugeleza olusezingeni eliphezulu oketshezini lokuqhekeka kunqobe izinselele zokucindezeleka nokulahlekelwa uketshezi okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwembobo yokwakheka, ukucindezeleka kwembobo yomgogodla, kanye namandla edwala. Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhuma i-gel obukhethekile, obuvela eSouthwest Petroleum University, buvumela i-gel ekhethekile ukuthi iyeke ukugeleza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokungena engqimbeni yokulahlekelwa, igcwalise ukuqhekeka nezikhala ezingenalutho, yakhe "i-gel plug" ehlukanisa uketshezi lokwakheka kwangaphakathi oketshezini lwembobo yomgogodla. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvuzeni okukhulu kokwakheka okuqhekekile, okunezimbobo, nokuphukile okunokulahlekelwa okukhulu koketshezi kanye nomthamo omncane wokubuya.

Ngomhlaka-30 Meyi 2023, ngo-11:46 ekuseni, i-Tarim Oilfield ye-China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) yaqala ukumba emthonjeni iShendi Teke 1, okubonisa ukuqala kohambo lokuhlola isayensi ye-geological kanye nobunjiniyela obujulile kakhulu ekujuleni okufika kumamitha ayi-10,000. Lokhu kuphawula isikhathi esingokomlando sobunjiniyela bomhlaba obujulile baseShayina, okubonisa intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokuhlola umhlaba ojulile wezwe kanye nokuqala "kwenkathi yamamitha ayi-10,000" emakhonweni okumba.

Umthombo iShendi Teke 1 utholakala eShaya County, e-Aksu Prefecture, eXinjiang, enkabeni yeTaklamakan Desert. Kuyiphrojekthi ebalulekile "yomhlaba ojulile" eyenziwe yi-CNPC eTarim Oilfield, eduze kwendawo kawoyela negesi ejulile kakhulu yaseFuman, enobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-8,000 kanye nezindawo zokugcina ezingamathani ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Lo mthombo unobubanzi obuklanywe njengobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-11,100 kanye nesikhathi sokumba esihleliwe kanye nesikhathi sokuqeda izinsuku ezingama-457. NgoMashi 4, 2024, ububanzi bokumba beShendi Teke 1 budlule amamitha ayi-10,000, okwenza kube umthombo wesibili emhlabeni kanye nowokuqala oqondile wase-Asia ukudlula lobu bubanzi. Lesi sinyathelo sibonisa ukuthi iShayina inqobe ngokuzimela izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene nokumba imithombo ejulile kakhulu yalolu hlobo.

Ukubhoboza ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10,000 kungenye yezinkambu eziyinselele kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela be-oyela negesi, okunezinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Futhi kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bezwe kanye namakhono emishini. Njengoba bebhekene nokushisa okukhulu kwemigodi kanye nezimo zokucindezela, kwenziwe intuthuko enkulu ekubhobozeni oketshezini lokushisa eliphezulu, ama-motor amelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubhoboza obuqondisa indlela. Kwaphinde kwafezwa impumelelo ekuthatheni amasampula ayinhloko kanye nemishini yokurekhoda izintambo, amaloli okubhoboza okucindezela kakhulu anomthamo we-175 MPa, kanye nemishini yoketshezi lokubhoboza, eyahlolwa ngempumelelo endaweni. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwaholela ekudalweni kobuchwepheshe obuningana obubalulekile bokubhoboza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kanye nokuqedwa kwemithombo ejulile kakhulu.

Ohlelweni loketshezi lokubhoboza olusetshenziswa kulo msebenzi, izindawo ezithile ezishisa kakhulu nezinomfutho ophezulu zaxazululwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinciphisi zokulahlekelwa uketshezi eziphezulu kanye nezithibi zokugqwala ezigcina izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-rheological ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi kulula ukuzilungisa nokuzinakekela. Izithasiselo zokulawula ubumba nazo zathuthukisa amandla okukhipha amanzi ezinhlayiya zobumba ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu, zithuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuqina koketshezi lokubhoboza.

Uwoyela we-shale we-Jimusar uyindawo yokuqala kazwelonke yokubonisa uwoyela we-shale emhlabeni eShayina, etholakala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Junggar Basin. Ihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-1,278 futhi inemithombo elinganiselwe engamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.112. Ngo-2018, kwaqala ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwamafutha we-shale we-Jimusar. Kwikota yokuqala, i-Xinjiang Jimusar National Terrestrial Shale Oil Demonstration Zone yakhiqiza amathani angu-315,000 kawoyela we-shale, okubeka irekhodi elisha lomlando. Indawo yokubonisa isheshisa imizamo yokwandisa izindawo zokugcina uwoyela we-shale kanye nokukhiqizwa kwawo, ngezinhlelo zokuqedela imithombo yokumba eyi-100 kanye nemithombo yokuqhekeka engu-110 ngo-2024.

Uwoyela we-shale, ohlanganiswe nedwala le-shale noma ngaphakathi kwemifantu yalo, ungenye yezinhlobo ezinzima kakhulu zamafutha okukhipha. I-Xinjiang inemithombo ecebile yamafutha e-shale enamathemba abanzi okuhlola nokuthuthukisa. I-China ihlonze imithombo yamafutha e-shale njengendawo ebalulekile yokushintsha uwoyela esikhathini esizayo. UWu Chengmei, unjiniyela wesibili e-Geological Research Center of Jiqing Oilfield Operations Area e-Xinjiang Oilfield, uchaza ukuthi uwoyela we-shale we-Jimusar ngokuvamile ungcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3,800. Ukungcwaba okujulile kanye nokungangeni kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu kwenza ukukhipha kube nzima njengokukhipha uwoyela etsheni eligobile.

Ukuthuthukiswa kukawoyela we-shale omhlaba eShayina ngokuvamile kubhekene nezinselele ezine ezinkulu: okokuqala, uwoyela unzima kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukugeleza; okwesibili, amabala amnandi mancane futhi kunzima ukubikezela; okwesithathu, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba kwenza ukuqhekeka kube nzima; okwesine, ukusatshalaliswa akuhambisani, okwenza kube nzima ukusebenza. Lezi zici ziye zavimbela isikhathi eside ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu nokusebenza kahle kukawoyela we-shale omhlaba eShayina. Kuphrojekthi, ukwelapha uketshezi lokugeleza kokuqhekeka, kusetshenziswa isithasiselo esisha ukunciphisa ukungcola nokuvuselela uketshezi, silubuyisele emuva lube uketshezi lokuqhekeka ukuze lusetshenziswe kabusha. Le ndlela yahlolwa emithonjeni eyisishiyagalolunye ngo-2023 ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu. Kusukela ngoJuni 2024, iphrojekthi ihlela ukusebenzisa uketshezi lokuqhekeka oluphinde lwakhiwa ekusebenzeni kokuqhekeka okukhulu.

Ukwakheka okuyinhloko kwale phrojekthi kuqukethe imithungo yamalahle, izingxenye zamatshe odaka ampunga nansundu, okuyizinto ezithinta amanzi. Ebhulokini likawoyela we-shale we-Jimusar, ingxenye evulekile yomthombo wesibili yinde, futhi isikhathi sokucwilisa ukwakheka siyandiswa. Uma kusetshenziswa udaka olusekelwe emanzini, kungenzeka ukuthi kubhidlike futhi kungazinzile, kodwa uketshezi lokubhoboza olusekelwe ku-oyela alubangeli imiphumela yokumanzisa. Uketshezi lokubhoboza olusekelwe ku-oyela emanzini, uma luzinzile, alubangeli imiphumela yokumanzisa, ngakho-ke uketshezi lokubhoboza olusekelwe ku-oyela aludali ukucindezeleka kokuvuvukala kwamanzi. Ucwaningo luholele ekwamukelweni kohlelo lodaka olusekelwe ku-oyela, olunezimiso zokulwa nokuwa kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo: 1. Ukuvimbela amakhemikhali: Ukulawula isilinganiso samanzi kawoyela ngaphezu kuka-80:20 ukunciphisa ukuhlasela kwesigaba samanzi ekwakhekeni, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuvuvukala nokuwa kwemithungo yamalahle kanye nokwakheka okuthinta amanzi kakhulu. 2. Ukuxhuma ngokomzimba: Ukwengeza izinto zokulinganisa isisindo njengezinto ze-calcium kusengaphambili ezimeni ezibuthakathaka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okuthwala ukucindezeleka kokwakheka nokuvimbela ukuvuza komthombo. 3. Ukusekelwa kwemishini: Ukulawula ubuningi obungaphezu kuka-1.52g/cm³, kancane kancane kukhulisa ubuningi bufinyelele emkhawulweni womklamo ongu-1.58g/cm³ esigabeni sokwakha. Ama-ejenti okulinganisa isisindo akhiqizwa yi-Youzhu Company angafeza umphumela ofiselekayo, aqinisekise ukuqedwa okubushelelezi nokuphumelelayo kwamaphrojekthi okubhoboza kanye nokuqedwa kwemithombo.