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Okutholwe Okuphezulu Okuyi-10 Komhlaba Wonke Kukawoyela Negesi! Ukutholwa Okukhulu Kunawo Wonke Kulapha!

2025-06-24

Ngokusho kombiko wakamuva ovela ku- I-Global Energy Monitor (GEM) Ukulandelela ukukhishwa kukawoyela negesi emhlabeni wonke, okungenani amasimu kawoyela negesi angu-20 afinyelele izinqumo zokugcina zokutshalwa kwezimali (i-FID) ngo-2023, ngenani eliphelele lokukhishwa elivunyelwe elingama-barrel ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 zamafutha alingana (i-boe), elilingana nazo zonke izindawo zokugcina zikawoyela eziqinisekisiwe eYurophu. Ngo-2030, imboni kaphethiloli wezinto zasendulo ihlela ukukhipha amanye ama-boe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-31.2 ezinkundleni ezintsha zikawoyela negesi ezingu-64. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa kuphela amaphrojekthi anezinsuku ezihlosiwe ze-FID ezimenyezelwe noma lawo anezinsuku ezilinganisiwe zomphakathi kwabezindaba.

Amaphrojekthi kawoyela negesi avunyelwe ngo-2023 nango-2024

01. Amazwe Aphezulu Okutholakele Kukawoyela Negesi

I-Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker (GOGET) ye-GEM iwucwaningo lwezindawo zokukhipha uwoyela negesi, okuhlanganisa idatha ngezinkambu ezisathuthukiswa nezisebenzayo. Emazingeni kazwelonke namabhizinisi, izinhlangano eziningi ezaziwayo zokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi zithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkambu ezintsha.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, abadlali bemboni batshale imali ngenkuthalo ekuhloleni futhi baqhubeka nokuthola amasimu amasha kawoyela negesi. Selokhu i-International Energy Agency ikhiphe umhlahlandlela wayo wokushintsha amandla emhlabeni jikelele, izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zimemezele amaphrojekthi amasha angu-50, angu-19 awo atholakala ngo-2023, anezinsiza ezingaba yizigidigidi eziyi-7.7 zamaRandi. (I-GOGET ilandelela amaphrojekthi anezinsiza ezingamabhareli ayizigidi ezingama-25 noma ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalo mkhawulo, amaphrojekthi amasha okuthola ngaphandle kwezimali ezigciniwe ezihloliwe, njengensimu kaphethiloli yaseSaudi Arabia ka-2022, awafakiwe. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kungaphansi kwenani lamasimu atholakele.)

Ngokusho kombiko, ezingeni likazwelonke, phakathi kwamazwe angu-23 athole ukutholwa okukhulu kukawoyela negesi ngo-2022 nango-2023, iGuyana, inkampani esanda kutholakala kawoyela, ibekwe endaweni yokuqala ngobuningi bokutholwa, ilandelwa yi-Iran endaweni yesibili kanye neNamibia endaweni yesithathu. I-United States ilandela eduze endaweni yesine, kanti iChina ibekwe endaweni yesihlanu. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi phakathi kwala mazwe angu-23, iCyprus, iGuyana, iNamibia, kanye neZimbabwe—ezazingebona abakhiqizi bakawoyela negesi ngokomlando—zibe ngu-37% wezinto ezitholakale kakhulu emkhakheni kawoyela eminyakeni emibili edlule.

Ezingeni lezinkampani, phakathi kwezinkampani eziyi-15 eziphezulu ngobunikazi ekutholakaleni kukawoyela negesi ngo-2022 nango-2023, iNational Iranian Oil Company ihola ngenani elikhulu elinezinqolobane ezitholakale ezingama-boe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.665. I-ExxonMobil isendaweni yesibili ngama-boe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.607, kanti i-TotalEnergies isendaweni yesithathu ngama-boe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.519. I-CNOOC isendaweni yesihlanu ngama-boe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.284, kanti i-PetroChina isendaweni yesishiyagalolunye ngama-boe ayizigidi ezingu-859.

ELatin America, ukutholwa okusha eCuba, eColombia, eGuyana naseSuriname kube negalelo elikhulu esifundeni, okwenza u-37.3% wokutholwa okusha ngo-2022. Phakathi kwamazwe angu-23 atholakele kakhulu ngo-2022 nango-2023, iCyprus, iGuyana, iNamibia, kanye neZimbabwe, okwakungebona abakhiqizi ngokomlando, kwenze intuthuko emangalisayo, okwenza u-37% wokutholwa okuphelele. IGuyana ihamba phambili ngokutholwa okukhulu kwamafutha okulandelanayo eStabroek block, ilandelwa yi-Iran endaweni yesibili kanye neNamibia endaweni yesithathu, kanti i-United States neChina ziseduze kakhulu.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwamafutha Negesi（Idatha yonyaka wakamuva iyatholakala endaweni ngayinye）

02. Okutholakale Okuphezulu Okungu-25 Kukawoyela Negesi

Lo mbiko uqokomisa ukuthi phakathi kwalezi zinto ezinkulu ezitholakele, insimu yegesi yaseShahini yase-Iran iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakale eminyakeni emibili edlule. Nakuba kuncane okubikiwe ngale nsimu, kucatshangwa ukuthi iyinsimu yegesi eyomile enkulu kunazo zonke e-Iran kuze kube manje, okungenzeka ukuthi iphethe ama-cubic metres ayizigidigidi ezingu-623 zegesi yemvelo.

Ngemva kukaShahini, ukutholakala kwe-TotalEnergies' Venus eNamibia, okwatholakala ngoFebhuwari 2022, kanye nokulinganiselwa kokuqala "okungenani imiphongolo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu kawoyela ongatholakala." Injabulo yemboni ngale nsimu iphezulu, kanti izinqolobane ezingatholakala zilinganiselwa phakathi kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.45 nezigidi eziyi-13 zama-boe. Ukulinganiselwa kwe-GOGET, okusekelwe esiphathini saseNamibia, kusikisela imiphongolo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili kawoyela ongatholakala. Ngenxa ye-Venus kanye nokunye okutholwe okukhulu, iNamibia ibhekwa "njengendawo ebalulekile yokuhlola" yimboni kawoyela negesi.

Iphrojekthi ye-Pantheon Resources' Kodiak e-Alaska, e-USA, isendaweni yesithathu. Ngaphambilini yayaziwa ngokuthi “iTheta West,” iphethe imiphongolo eyizigidi ezingu-962.5 zamafutha atholakalayo kanye noketshezi lwegesi yemvelo (2C), kanye nama-cubic feet ayizigidigidi ezingu-4,465.2 zegesi yemvelo, okulinganiselwa ku-boe eyizigidigidi ezingu-1.7.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko uphawula ukuthi kusukela ngo-2021, ukukhishwa kukawoyela negesi okuvunyiwe emhlabeni wonke kudlule ama-boe ayizigidigidi eziyi-16, kanti amazwe aseMelika abambe cishe u-40% wephrojekthi kawoyela negesi evunyiwe eminyakeni emibili edlule. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi i-United States ihole enanini lamaphrojekthi kawoyela negesi avunyiwe amasha ngo-2022 nango-2023.

Kusukela ngo-2024 kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, imboni kawoyela negesi ihlela ukukhipha ama-boe ayizigidigidi ezingu-31.2 emasimini amasha angu-64. Lesi sibalo sihlanganisa kuphela amaphrojekthi anezinsuku eziqondiwe ze-FID ezimenyezelwe noma izinsuku ezilinganisiwe zomphakathi. Izinkampani zikawoyela zikazwelonke (ama-NOC) zingu-33% walesi samba, kuyilapho izinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela zingu-26%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwamaphrojekthi amasha avunyiwe emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022-2023, amazwe aseMelika nase-Asia athole ukuvunyelwa okuningi kokukhipha uwoyela. Izinkampani zikawoyela ezizimele zilinganiselwa ku-9.8%, kanti izinkampani zikawoyela zomhlaba wonke (ama-IOC) zingu-13.3%. Njengoba i-International Energy Agency iphawula, ukuthuthukiswa kwensimu entsha kawoyela “kuyinqubo eyingozi futhi eyinkimbinkimbi,” ngakho-ke ubunikazi bephrojekthi buvame ukuhlukaniswa ukuze “busabalalise izingozi nemivuzo, kukhuthaze ukubambisana kobuchwepheshe nokusebenza.”

Ngenxa yokungezwani kwezepolitiki, amanani kawoyela akhuphukile, bese lolu lwazi luvela ku: Global Energy Monitor. (Idatha yonyaka wakamuva iyatholakala endaweni ngayinye).

I-EIA (Juni 10, 2025): Amanani kawoyela womhlaba wonke. Silindele ukuthi ukunyuka kwezitoko zikawoyela womhlaba wonke kuzokwehlisa amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe esikhathini esibikezelwe. Intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe we-Brent yehle ngenyanga yesine ilandelana ngoMeyi, isilinganiso sama-$64 ngebhareli (b), sehle ngama-$4/b kusukela ku-Ephreli. Sibikezela ukuthi intengo kawoyela we-Brent izokwehla iye kuma-avareji angama-$61/b ekupheleni kwalo nyaka kanye nesilinganiso sama-$59/b ngo-2026.

Sikholelwa ukuthi intengo kawoyela izoba phezulu, ngoba i-USA idinga ukuthengisa futhi inomkhiqizo omuhle kanye nesitoko. I-YouzhuCHEM inikeza amakhemikhali akhethekile kawoyela negesi, kusukela ku-Upstream kuya ku-Midstream, izithasiselo zinganciphisa izindleko zezinkampani zezinsizakalo zikawoyela negesi. Futhi i-YouzhuChem inikeze abanye babaholi emikhakheni, sihlinzeka nge-shale inhibitor kanye ne-ROP enhancer yokubhoboza! Ama-demulsifiers e-midstream! Ama-corrosion inhibitors okubhoboza, ukuqedela, ukufaka usimende kanye nokukhiqiza!
Ukuze wazi kabanzi mayelana iphothifoliyo yethu, sicela usithinte noma Chofoza lapha