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I-CNOOC kanye neKazMunayGas Basayina Izivumelwano Zephrojekthi yeZhylyoi

2025-05-27

Muva nje, i-China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) kanye ne-KazMunayGas kahulumeni waseKazakhstan basayine ngokusemthethweni isivumelwano somsebenzi ohlanganyelwe kanye nesivumelwano sokuxhasa ngezimali sokuthuthukisa iphrojekthi kawoyela negesi yaseZhylyoi endaweni yokuguquka enyakatho-mpumalanga yoLwandle iCaspian. Lokhu kuwukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwe-CNOOC emkhakheni wezomnotho waseKazakhstan, kusebenzisa ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwamathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-185 emithombo kaphethiloli ukuze kukhuthazwe ukusebenzisana okujulile phakathi kwesikhungo samandla sase-Asia Ephakathi kanye nesu lamandla laseShayina.

01. Uhambo Lokuqala EKazakhstan

Iphrojekthi yeZhylyoi, etholakala endaweni yokuguquka enyakatho-mpumalanga yoLwandle iCaspian, inezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zejiyoloji ezinamandla amabili ezindaweni zokugcina usawoti kanye nosawoti omncane. Lesi sifunda sihlanganisa ukulula kokuthuthukiswa kwezizinda zikawoyela ezishelufini kanye nezici zokuthola inzuzo ephezulu yokuhlola amanzi ajulile. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, zombili izinhlangothi zizokwakha i-joint venture engu-50:50, lapho i-CNOOC izoxhasa sonke isigaba sokuhlola. Ngocwaningo lwe-3D lwe-seismic kanye nokumba okujulile kakhulu (usawoti omncane wamamitha angu-2,000 kanye nosawoti omncane wamamitha angu-4,500), bahlose ukuvula izimfihlakalo zejiyoloji. Le modeli "yokwabelana ngengozi, ukwabelana ngenzuzo" inciphisa umthwalo wezezimali waseKazakhstan ngenkathi inikeza indawo yokungena yokufaka amazinga obuchwepheshe aseShayina ohlelweni lokuhlola lwase-Asia Ephakathi.

KuKazakhstan, ukubaluleka kwephrojekthi yeZhylyoi kudlulela ngale kokukhishwa kukawoyela. Njengezwe elivame ukweqa izilinganiso zokukhiqiza ze-OPEC+, iKazakhstan ifuna ukugqashula enkingeni "yokukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kulingana nokwephulwa komthetho". Ngokwethula ubuchwepheshe kanye nenhloko-dolobha ye-CNOOC, iKazakhstan ingathuthukisa amakhono ayo okuthuthukiswa kwamanzi ajulile oLwandle iCaspian (lapho amasimu amanje asogwini ngokuvamile engaphansi kwamamitha angu-500 ukujula) futhi inciphise izindleko ngochungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba lwe-CNOOC. Ngokujulile, le phrojekthi yakha iluphu yeketanga lezimboni elinamaphrojekthi e-polyethylene kanye ne-urea petrochemical ahambisanayo, okuqhuba ukuguquka kweKazakhstan kusuka ekuthunyelweni kukawoyela ongahluziwe kuya ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali anenani eliphezulu.

Ku-CNOOC, lokhu kubambisana kuphawula intuthuko ebalulekile "esu layo eliya entshonalanga." Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla kweShayina e-Asia Ephakathi kugxile ekuthuthweni kwamapayipi kanye nasezindaweni zikawoyela ezisogwini. Iphrojekthi yeZhylyoi yandisa ukufinyelela kwe-CNOOC endaweni yasemanzini ajulile aseCaspian, isifunda esibuswa isikhathi eside yiRussia ne-Azerbaijan. Ngale phrojekthi, i-CNOOC ayigcini nje ngokuthola ithuba lokungena ezimakethe zamandla zaseYurophu kodwa futhi isungula umzila wokuvikela amandla "we-Asia Ephakathi-Caspian-Black Sea" phakathi kokuguqulwa kwendawo yamandla okubangelwe yizijeziso ze-US ne-EU eRussia.

02. Ukufuna Komhlaba Wonke kwe-CNOOC: Ukuphumelela Okuthathu

Uma iphrojekthi yeZhylyoi iyingqophamlando ekwandiseni kwe-CNOOC ngasentshonalanga, isu layo lomhlaba wonke ngo-2025 libonisa umbono obanzi. Kusukela ezindaweni zikawoyela ezingaphansi kukasawoti eNingizimu Melika kuya ezindaweni zamanzi ajulile aseNtshonalanga Afrika, lesi sikhulu samandla saseShayina sishintsha sisuka “ekwandiseni ngezinga” siye “ekukhuphukeni kwekhwalithi.”

Ngomhlaka-15 kuNhlolanja, insimu kawoyela enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iBuzios Phase VII yaseBrazil, yaqala ukukhiqizwa, okuphawula ukushintsha kwe-CNOOC kusukela “ekubambeni iqhaza kwamasheya” kuya “ekuthunyelweni kwezobuchwepheshe kwamanye amazwe.” Le nsimu kawoyela enkulu, esebenza ekujuleni kwamanzi okungamamitha angu-2,000, isebenzisa ipulatifomu yaseShayina ye-FPSO Almirante Tamandaré eklanywe ngokuzimela, enekhono lamafutha angahluziwe nsuku zonke elingama-barrel angu-225,000. Le mpumelelo isekelwe yintuthuko ezinhlelweni zokucindezela ngaphansi kolwandle kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqeda obuhlakaniphile. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi isabelo se-CNOOC esingu-7.34% senza kube lula ukubamba iqhaza ngokugcwele kusukela ekuhloleni kuya ekuthengiseni, okuhlanganisa nokuhola ekusungulweni kohlelo lokuthengisa igesi yemvelo oluzimele.

EGuyana, imodeli ye-CNOOC ethi “rolling exploration + equity swap” inyuse izinga lempumelelo yokuhlola le-Stabroek block laya ku-80% engavamile embonini. EMozambique, indlela yayo “yokuthuthukiswa kwensimu yegesi + inkontileka yesikhathi eside ye-LNG” ixhumanisa ngqo igesi laseMpumalanga Afrika nemakethe yaseNingizimu China yaseShayina. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okujulile, ngale kobudlelwano bendabuko bezohwebo, kwenze i-CNOOC yakwazi ukuthola inkontileka yesikhathi eside kawoyela ongahluziwe ongama-barrel ayizigidi ezingu-12 evela ensimini kawoyela yaseBrazil iMero ngo-2025, okuphawula okokuqala inkampani yaseShayina ibusa uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwensimu kawoyela enkulu yaseLatin America.

Imakethe yaseMpumalanga Ephakathi nayo ibone intuthuko enkulu. Ngomhlaka-27 Mashi, inkampani engaphansi kwe-CNOOC, i-COOEC, yasayina isivumelwano sokubambisana ne-Saudi Aramco ukwakha isisekelo sokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe e-Saudi Arabia. Lo msebenzi awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa intuthuko yezimboni zase-Saudi Arabia kodwa futhi ubonisa ukuguquka kwe-CNOOC kusukela ekubeni umkhiqizi kawoyela negesi ohlanzekile kuya ekubeni umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo zeketanga lamandla eligcwele.

03. Ukujula Kwamasu: Ibhodi Ye-Chess Yomhlaba Wonke ye-CNOOC kanye Nokuphepha Kwamandla KwaseShayina

Isu le-CNOOC laphesheya kwezilwandle lika-2025 lembula i-axis ecacile yamasu: ukuphula izithiyo zezwe ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlela kabusha ukusatshalaliswa kwenzuzo ngamamodeli amasha, kanye nokubhekana nezombusazwe zesimo sezulu ngokushintsha okuluhlaza.

Ngokuvimba amasheya kumaphrojekthi aseBrazil, eGuyana, eNigeria, nangale kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamasheya kwamanye amazwe e-CNOOC kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele emiphongolweni eyizigidi ezingu-2.4 ngosuku ngo-2025, okubalwa u-15% wokungeniswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe eShayina. Ngokungafani nezinkontileka zendabuko "zokuthatha noma ukukhokha", indlela entsha ye-CNOOC "yokubuyisela okuhleliwe + i-floating dividend" inikeza izindlela zokunciphisa izindleko zezindawo zokucwenga uwoyela zaseShayina phakathi kokushintshashintsha kwentengo kawoyela. Okubaluleke kakhulu, la maphrojekthi, atholakala ogwini lwase-Atlantic, anikeza uthango lwendawo ngokumelene nemithombo yendabuko efana neMpumalanga Ephakathi neRussia, okunciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokuhamba ngeMalacca Strait.

Ensimini kawoyela yaseBuzios, amapulatifomu e-FPSO akhiqizwe eShayina amukele uhlelo lokuphatha oluhlakaniphile lwe-“Beidou + 5G” okokuqala. Kuphrojekthi yeZhylyoi, idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ye-3D izohlanganiswa nepulatifomu yokuhlola yamafu ye-“Smart Ocean Brain” ye-CNOOC ethuthukiswe ngokuzimela. Lokhu kungena kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe zaseShayina kuguqula iShayina kusukela ekubeni “umthathi” wemithetho yamandla kuya ekubeni “umenzi,” kuze kuthonye ngisho nemingcele yezobuchwepheshe ezinqumweni zokukhiqiza ze-OPEC+.

Ibhekene nezijeziso "zokulawula isikhathi eside" zase-US nase-EU kumandla aseRussia, i-CNOOC inciphisa izingozi zesibili zezijeziso ngokusebenzisa "ukubambisana kweqembu lesithathu" kumaphrojekthi aseKazakhstan nase-Iraq. EBrazil, ukubambisana kwayo kobuchwepheshe ne-Total kanye ne-Shell kuguqula umbango we-US-China ube ukuvumelana kwezintshisekelo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngobuchwepheshe, imali, kanye nobuhlakani bamasu, i-CNOOC inikela ngesisombululo saseShayina ekwakheni uhlelo lwamandla lomhlaba oluhlukahlukene, oluhlanzekile, nolusebenzayo.

I-Youzhu Chem inikeza amakhemikhali ensimu kawoyela asezingeni eliphezulu asetshenziswa kabanzi ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi. Sithuthukise i-Oil Soluble Demulsifier esezingeni eliphezulu, i-Water Soluble Demulsifier kanye ne-Corrosion Inhibitors. Siklame la makhemikhali ensimu kawoyela ngokukhethekile ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo eziqondile zensimu kawoyela kanye nezinye izimboni zokukhiqiza.

Amakhemikhali asezindaweni zikawoyela asetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi okumba uwoyela negesi ukuze kuthuthukiswe imisebenzi yasezindaweni zokuhlola uwoyela negesi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kuyanda kakhulu ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubo yokuhlola ephumelelayo. Amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asezindaweni zikawoyela afaka phakathi i-demulsifier, i-surfactant, i-corrosion inhibitors ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle koketshezi lokumba, ukuqinisa, ukuvuselela imithombo kanye nokubuyisa uwoyela anikezwa yi-Youzhu Chem.

Ama-demulsifier ancibilikayo kawoyela asezingeni eliphezulu aklanyelwe ukunikeza isenzo esihle kakhulu sokuhlukanisa amanzi namafutha emanzini ku-oyili kanye nama-emulsion kawoyela emanzini. Imikhiqizo yethu ye-demulsifier encibilikayo emanzini iyizixazululo ze-surfactant eziphilayo ngokuphelele ezingenza kahle ekushiseni kwegumbi ngesivinini esithuthukisiwe sokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha namanzi.

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokulawula ukugqwala ezindaweni zikawoyela, i-Youzhu Chem ithuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ejenti angempela okulwa nokugqwala. Ukuba khona kwamanzi ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza uwoyela kuholela ekugqwaleni emigqeni yokugeleza uwoyela, imishini yokukhiqiza esetshenziswa ezinqubweni zendawo kawoyela. Ama-ejenti okulawula ukugqwala akhethekile aklanywe ngezinqubo ezijwayelekile endaweni yelabhorethri elawulwayo futhi ahlolwe ngokuphelele ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi sangempela. Singanikeza uhla olungcono kakhulu lwama-oil and gas line corrosion inhibitors ekwakhiweni okuhlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zamakhasimende ethu.

Imisebenzi yethu yocwaningo nentuthuko eqhubekayo isisize ekwakheni imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ukuze sithuthukise ukusebenza kanye nenzuzo yemisebenzi yokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi. Uhla lwethu olubanzi lwamakhemikhali ensimu kawoyela njenge-Oil Soluble Demulsifier, i-Water Soluble Demulsifier kanye ne-Corrosion Inhibitors, lwaziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza okungenakuqhathaniswa. Sibe ngumholi ekuthuthukiseni amakhemikhali ensimu kawoyela asebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yenqubo yethu eqinile yokulawula ikhwalithi. Uma kukhulunywa ngamakhemikhali ensimu kawoyela kumaphrojekthi okumba uwoyela negesi, sinikeza olunye lohlu lwamakhemikhali oluthembeke kakhulu njengomthumeli wamakhemikhali ohamba phambili ogcwaliswe ngamafutha.

Imizamo yethu iyaqhubeka ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yezinto ezahlukahlukene ukuze senze inqubo isebenze kahle, ithembeke ngokukhiqiza okungcono ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhemikhali asensimini kawoyela asekelwe ezintweni eziningana njengokukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, izindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye nezindawo zokumba njll. Inethiwekhi yethu enamandla yokuhlinzeka kanye nokusabalalisa inikeza imikhiqizo yamanani amahle kakhulu.