Amatyala esicelo seOilfield Chemical Additives

Ngowama-2022, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane we-COVID-19, iZiko loLawulo lokuGqitywa kweMithombo ye-Oilfield yaseNorthwest lagqiba iiprojekthi ezingama-24, kuquka izixhobo zokulawula imithombo ye-oyile kunye nokucocwa kwemibhobho yokuvaleka kwe-oyile enzima, nto leyo eyasindisa iindleko zokuthenga ze-13.683 yezigidi zeeyuan.

Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yeoyile, ububanzi bombhobho buya buncipha ngakumbi ngenxa yeziphumo zewax, iipolymers, kunye neetyuwa, nto leyo enciphisa ukuhamba kweoyile ekrwada kwaye ichaphazela imveliso yeoyile ekrwada. Ke ngoko, iinkampani zokumba zihlala zicoca imibhobho kube kanye ngonyaka. Emva kokulungisa imithungo yokuwelda yemibhobho, kuyimfuneko ukucoca imibhobho.

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, iipayipi zentsimbi ezisetyenziswa njengeepayipi zeoyile zine-rust kuzo zombini iindawo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ukuba azicocwanga, oku kuya kungcolisa ioyile ye-hydraulic emva kokusetyenziswa, okuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-hydraulic. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukususa i-rust kumphezulu wangaphakathi weepayipi ngokuhlanjwa nge-asidi. Ukuhlamba nge-asidi kunokususa i-rust kumphezulu wangaphandle weepayipi, okuluncedo ekusebenziseni ipeyinti yokulwa ne-rust kumphezulu wangaphandle weepayipi, okubonelela ngokhuseleko lokulwa ne-corrosion oluhlala ixesha elide. Ukuhlamba nge-asidi ngokubanzi kwenziwa kusetyenziswa isisombululo se-asidi esinoxinzelelo lwe-0% ukuya kwi-15%. Inkampani ye-Youzhu, ngokubonelela ngeemveliso zokuthintela i-corrosion: UZ CI-180, i-acidistor enganyangekiyo nobushushu obuphezulu yokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile. Kwinkqubo yokwenza i-asidi okanye i-pickling, i-asidi iya kuyidla intsimbi, kwaye kubushushu obuphezulu, izinga kunye noluhlu lokugqwala luya kwandiswa kakhulu, ke ngoko, kwimveliso ye-oyile, ukuthintela i-corrosion yepayipi yobushushu obuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, oku kunxulumene neengenelo zokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile, kodwa kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokhuseleko lwemveliso. Ubungakanani bokukhukuliseka kwe-asidi kwimibhobho nakwizixhobo buxhomekeke kwixesha lokudibana, uxinaniso lwe-asidi kunye neemeko zobushushu, njl. I-UZ CI-180 inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye kubushushu obufikelela kwi-350°F (180°C), isiphumo sokugqwala kwe-asidi kwintsimbi kubushushu obuphezulu ezantsi komthombo sinokuncitshiswa kakhulu ngokongeza i-UZ CI-180 kumxube we-asidi. I-Youzhu ifumene udumo oluphezulu kwiZiko loLawulo lwe-Oilfield laseNorthwest ngeeprojekthi zayo zokucoca imibhobho, ukwenziwa kolwelo lokubhola, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo.

Ifumaneka kwiDong San Road eDongying City, iqula leFengye 1-10HF liqula lokuqala elithe tyaba leoyile yeshale ukugqobhoza umqobo womjikelo wokugrumba weentsuku ezingama-20, ligqibe iintsuku ezingama-24 ngaphambi kwexesha elicwangcisiweyo. Lilinye lawona mazwe mathathu abonisa ioyile yeshale avunyiweyo yiNational Energy Administration kunye nendawo yokuqala yokubonisa ioyile yeshale yelizwekazi eTshayina. Ngokugqiba iqula kwiintsuku ezingama-24 ngaphambi kwexesha elicwangcisiweyo, kwagcinwa ngaphezulu kwe-10 yezigidi zeeyuan kwiindleko.

Ngenxa yokuba kufutshane nomngxuma okufutshane owaphukileyo kwiimitha ezingama-400 ukusuka apho kunye nokuba kufutshane nomda welitye legrabile, umngxuma weFengye 1-10HF wajongana nemingcipheko yokungena kwamanzi, ukugcwala, kunye nokulahleka kolwelo. Ukongeza, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ezantsi komthombo abangele imingeni kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Iqela leprojekthi ligxile kwinkxaso yetekhnoloji yobunjineli kunye nokujongana nemiba ephambili yetekhnoloji. Basombulule ngokulandelelana imiqobo efana nobunzima bokuqikelela iindawo ezithambileyo ezahlukeneyo, imida yezixhobo phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, kunye nokuhlala kunye kokulahleka kolwelo lokumba kunye nokungena kwamanzi.

Baphuhlise baze basebenzise inkqubo yodaka esekwe kwi-synthetic ukuphucula ukugeleza. Phakathi kwezi, izongezo zolwelo lokugrumba zangoku ze-TF FL WH-1 Cement Fluid-loss Additives, ezenziwe yi-Youzhu zinokwenza ifilimu ekumgangatho ophezulu kumphezulu we-shale wellbore, zithintela i-drilling fluid filtrate ukuba ingangeni ekwakhiweni, i-TF FL WH-1 yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwimigodi enamaqondo obushushu ajikelezayo ezantsi (ii-BHCT) kwi-60℉(15.6℃) ukuya kwi-400℉ (204℃).

I-TF FL WH-1 ibonelela ngolawulo lokulahleka kolwelo lwe-API ngaphantsi kwe-36cc/30min ngelixa ilawula ukufuduka kwegesi ukusuka ekwakhekeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.6% ukuya kwi-2.0% ye-BWOC iyafuneka kwiindawo ezininzi ezimdaka. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngedosi engaphantsi kwe-0.8% ye-BWOC, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela indawo yokugcina amanzi kwaye izinzise i-wellbor. Oku kuvala ngempumelelo ii-shale pores kunye nee-microfractures, kuthintela i-drilling fluid filtrate ukuba ingangeni kwaye inciphise ukudluliselwa koxinzelelo lwe-pore, okwandisa kakhulu uthintelo lolwelo lokubhola.

Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kwentsimi zibonisa ukuba ulwelo lokugrumba olusekelwe emanzini olusebenza kakuhle luthintela kakhulu, lunyusa isantya sokugrumba ngoomatshini, luzinzile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, lukhusela ichibi, kwaye lunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.

NgoFebruwari 2022, umthombo weSinopec iBazhong 1HF, okwindawo yokugcina ioyile negesi yesanti yomlambo iJurassic, wacebisa ngobuchule ingcamango yoyilo lwe-"fracturing, imbibition, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-well shut-in". Le ndlela yaphuhliswa ukuze ijongane neempawu zeendawo zokugcina i-sandstone yesanti yomlambo ezixineneyo kunye ne-coefficients yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Itekhnoloji ye-fracturing ephuculweyo, equka "ukusika ngokuqinileyo + ukuvala okwethutyana kunye nokuphambuka + ukongezwa kwesanti enamandla aphezulu + ukuphuculwa kweoyile ye-imbibition," yonyusa kakhulu amandla okuhamba kweoyile negesi engaphantsi komhlaba kwaye yaseka imodeli entsha ye-fracturing, enika isalathiso se-fracturing enkulu yemithombo ethe tye.

Isixhobo sokongeza ulwelo olunobushushu obuphezulu sikaYouzhuo, iarhente yokudibanisa ethintela ukuwa kobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nomlawuli wohlobo lokuhamba kobushushu obuphezulu kulwelo oluqhekekayo loyisa imingeni yoxinzelelo kunye nokulahleka kolwelo olubangelwa luxinzelelo lwemibhobho yokwakheka, uxinzelelo lwemibhobho yokungena, kunye namandla elitye. Itekhnoloji ekhethekileyo yokudibanisa ijeli, evela kwiYunivesithi yaseSouthwest Petroleum, ivumela ijeli ekhethekileyo ukuba iyeke ngokuzenzekelayo ukuhamba emva kokungena kumaleko wokulahleka, izalise imiqhekeko kunye neendawo ezingenanto, yenze "iplagi yejeli" eyahlula ulwelo lokwakheka kwangaphakathi kulwelo oluqhekekayo. Le teknoloji isebenza kakhulu ekuvuzeni okukhulu kwimibhobho eqhekekileyo, enemingxuma, kunye neyaphukileyo enelahleko enkulu yolwelo kunye nomthamo omncinci wokubuya.

Ngomhla wama-30 kuCanzibe, ngowama-2023, ngentsimbi ye-11:46 kusasa, iTarim Oilfield yeChina National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) yaqala ukugrumba equleni iShendi Teke 1, nto leyo eyayibonisa ukuqala kohambo lokuphonononga isayensi yejoloji nobunjineli obunzulu kakhulu kubunzulu obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-10,000. Oku kubonisa ixesha lembali kubunjineli bomhlaba onzulu baseTshayina, nto leyo ebonisa impumelelo enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokuhlola umhlaba onzulu kweli lizwe kunye nokuqala "kwexesha leemitha ezili-10,000" kubuchule bokugrumba.

Iqula leShendi Teke 1 likwiSithili saseShaya, e-Aksu Prefecture, eXinjiang, entliziyweni yeNtlango yaseTaklamakan. Liphulo elibalulekileyo "lomhlaba onzulu" le-CNPC kwiTarim Oilfield, ecaleni kwendawo yeoyile negesi enzulu kakhulu yaseFuman, enobunzulu beemitha eziyi-8,000 kunye neendawo zokugcina i-1 billion tons. Eli qula linobunzulu obuyilwe ngeemitha ezili-11,100 kunye nexesha elicwangcisiweyo lokumba nokugqiba leentsuku ezingama-457. Ngomhla wesi-4 kweyoKwindla ngo-2024, ubunzulu bokumba beShendi Teke 1 budlule kwiimitha ezili-10,000, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe lelona qula lesibini nelokuqala elithe nkqo e-Asia ukudlula obu bunzulu. Eli nyathelo libonisa ukuba iTshayina yoyisile ngokuzimeleyo imingeni yobugcisa enxulumene nokumba imigodi enzulu kakhulu yale migodi.

Ukugrumba kubunzulu beemitha ezili-10,000 yenye yezona ndawo zinzima kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bobunjineli beoyile negesi, kunye nemiqobo emininzi yobugcisa. Kwakhona luphawu oluphambili lobuchwepheshe bobunjineli belizwe kunye nobuchule bezixhobo. Ukujongana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo, kwenziwe inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kulwelo lokugrumba olushushu kakhulu, iimoto ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokugrumba obujolise kwicala. Kukwaphunyezwe impumelelo kwizixhobo zokuthatha iisampulu eziphambili kunye nezixhobo zokufaka iintambo, iilori zokugrumba ezixineneyo kakhulu ezinomthamo we-175 MPa, kunye nezixhobo zolwelo lokugrumba, ezivavanywe ngempumelelo kwindawo. Olu phuhliso lukhokelele ekudalweni kobuchwepheshe obuninzi obubalulekileyo bokugrumba ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kunye nokugqitywa kwemithombo enzulu kakhulu.

Kwinkqubo yolwelo lokugrumba esetyenzisiweyo kule projekthi, iindawo ezithile ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zijongiwe ngokuphuhliswa kwezinto zokunciphisa ukulahleka kolwelo kunye nezithinteli zokugrumba ezigcina iipropati ezintle kakhulu ze-rheological phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kwaye kulula ukuzilungisa nokuzilungisa. Izongezo zokulawula udongwe zikwaphucule amandla okukhupha amanzi eenxalenye zodongwe phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, ziphucula ukuzinza kunye nokuzinza kolwelo lokugrumba.

Ioyile yeshale yaseJimusar yindawo yokuqala yesizwe yokubonisa ioyile yeshale emhlabeni eTshayina, ekwicala elisempuma yeJunggar Basin. Igubungela indawo yeekhilomitha ezili-1,278 zesikwere kwaye inomthombo oqikelelweyo wezixhobo ezimalunga neetoni ezili-1.112 zeebhiliyoni. Ngo-2018, kwaqala uphuhliso olukhulu lweoyile yeshale yaseJimusar. Kwikota yokuqala, iXinjiang Jimusar National Terrestrial Shale Oil Demonstration Zone ivelise iitoni ezingama-315,000 zeoyile yeshale, nto leyo ebeka irekhodi elitsha lembali. Indawo yokubonisa ikhawulezisa imizamo yokwandisa iindawo zokugcina ioyile yeshale kunye nemveliso, kunye nezicwangciso zokugqiba iiqula ezili-100 zokumba kunye nequla ezili-110 zokuqhekeka ngo-2024.

Ioyile yeshale, enamathele kwilitye leshale okanye ngaphakathi kwimingxuma yalo, yenye yezona ntlobo zeoyile zinzima ukuzikhupha. IXinjiang inemithombo yeoyile yeshale etyebileyo enamathuba amaninzi okuhlola nokuphuhlisa. ITshayina ichonge imithombo yeoyile yeshale njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokutshintshwa kweoyile kwixesha elizayo. UWu Chengmei, injineli yesibini kwiZiko loPhando lweGeological kwiJiqing Oilfield Operations Area eXinjiang Oilfield, uchaza ukuba ioyile yeshale yeJimusar idla ngokungcwatywa ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3,800 phantsi komhlaba. Ukungcwatywa okunzulu kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi okuphantsi kwenza ukungcwatywa kube nzima njengokukhupha ioyile kwilitye elijikelezayo.

Uphuhliso lweoyile yeshale yomhlaba eTshayina ngokubanzi lujongene nemingeni emine emikhulu: okokuqala, ioyile inzima, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyihamba; okwesibini, amabala amnandi mancinci kwaye kunzima ukuwaqikelela; okwesithathu, umxholo ophezulu wodongwe wenza ukuba ukuqhekeka kube nzima; okwesine, ukusasazwa akuhambelani, kwaye kwenza imisebenzi ibe nzima. Ezi zinto ziye zathintela ixesha elide uphuhliso olukhulu nolusebenzayo lweoyile yeshale yomhlaba eTshayina. Kule projekthi, ukunyanga ulwelo lokuqhekeka, kusetyenziswa isongezo esitsha ukunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe ulwelo, lujike lube lulwelo lokuqhekeka ukuze lusetyenziswe kwakhona. Le ndlela yavavanywa kwimithombo elithoba ngo-2023 kwaye iziphumo zibalaseleyo. Ukusukela ngoJuni 2024, le projekthi iceba ukusebenzisa ulwelo lokuqhekeka oluphinde lwakhiwa kumsebenzi wokuqhekeka omkhulu.

Ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwale projekthi luquka imithungo yamalahle, iindawo ezingwevu nezimdaka, eziziimo ezibuthathaka emanzini. Kwibhloko yeoyile ye-shale yeJimusar, icandelo elivulekileyo lequla lesibini lide, kwaye ixesha lokufunxa ukwakheka liyandiswa. Ukuba kusetyenziswa udaka olusekelwe emanzini, ukudilika nokungazinzi kunokwenzeka, kodwa ulwelo lokomba olusekelwe kwioyile alubangeli miphumo yokufuma. Ulwelo lokomba olusekelwe kwioyile emanzini, xa luzinzile, alubangeli miphumo yokufuma, ngoko ke ulwelo lokomba olusekelwe kwioyile aludali uxinzelelo lokudumba kwamanzi. Uphando lukhokelele ekwamkelweni kwenkqubo yodaka olusekelwe kwioyile, enemigaqo yokulwa nokuwa kunye namanyathelo alandelayo: 1. Ukuthintela iikhemikhali: Ukulawula umlinganiselo wamanzi eoyile ngaphezulu kwe-80:20 ukunciphisa ukungenelela kwesigaba samanzi ekwakhekeni, ukuthintela ngempumelelo ukudumba nokuwa kwemithungo yamalahle kunye nokwakheka okubuthathaka kakhulu emanzini. 2. Ukudibanisa ngokwasemzimbeni: Ukongeza ii-arhente zobunzima ezifana nezinto ze-calcium kwangaphambili kwimo ezibuthathaka ukuphucula amandla okuthwala uxinzelelo lokwakheka kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza kwemithombo. 3. Inkxaso yoomatshini: Ukulawula uxinano olungaphezulu kwe-1.52g/cm³, ukunyusa uxinano kancinci kancinci ukuya kumda woyilo we-1.58g/cm³ kwicandelo lokwakha. Iiarhente zokulinganisa ubunzima eziveliswe yiNkampani iYouzhu zinokufezekisa isiphumo esifunekayo, ziqinisekise ukugqitywa kakuhle nangokuphumelelayo kweeprojekthi zokugrumba kunye nokugqitywa kwemithombo.