Amavuta ya peteroli yinyongera yimanza

Mu 2022, imbere y’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19, Ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’amavuta y’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba cyarangije imishinga 24, harimo ibikoresho byo kugenzura amariba y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ndetse no gusukura imiyoboro ihanitse ya peteroli, bizigama amafaranga yatanzwe na miliyoni 13.683.

Mugihe cyo gukoresha imiyoboro ya peteroli, diameter ya pipe iragenda iba ndende kubera ingaruka zishashara, polymers, nu munyu, bikagabanya umuvuduko wa peteroli kandi bikagira ingaruka kumusaruro wa peteroli. Kubwibyo, ibigo bicukura muri rusange bisukura imiyoboro rimwe mumwaka. Nyuma yo kuvura imigozi yo gusudira ihuza imiyoboro, ni ngombwa koza imiyoboro.

Mubisanzwe muri rusange, imiyoboro yicyuma ikoreshwa nkimiyoboro ya peteroli ifite ingese hejuru yimbere ninyuma. Niba idasukuwe, ibi bizanduza amavuta ya hydraulic nyuma yo kuyakoresha, bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yibikoresho bya hydraulic. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gukuraho ingese hejuru yimbere yimiyoboro hifashishijwe gukaraba aside. Gukaraba aside irashobora kandi gukuraho ingese hejuru yinyuma yimiyoboro, ikaba ifite akamaro ko gushira irangi rirwanya ingese hejuru yimiyoboro, bigatanga uburinzi burambye bwo kurwanya ruswa. Gukaraba aside muri rusange bikorwa hakoreshejwe umuti wa aside hamwe na 0% kugeza 15%. Isosiyete ya Youzhu, mugutanga ibicuruzwa byangiza ruswa: UZ CI-180, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihanganira aside irike yangiza ikoreshwa rya peteroli. Mubikorwa bya acide cyangwa gutoragura, aside izonona ibyuma, kandi mubushyuhe bwinshi, igipimo nintera ya ruswa biziyongera cyane, kubwibyo rero, mu musaruro w’amavuta, kwirinda ruswa yo kwirinda umuyoboro w’ubushyuhe ni ngombwa cyane, bikaba bidafitanye isano gusa ninyungu zo gukoresha peteroli, ariko kandi bifitanye isano cyane numutekano wumusaruro. Urwego rw'isuri ya aside ku miyoboro n'ibikoresho biterwa nigihe cyo guhura, kwibumbira hamwe kwa aside hamwe nubushyuhe, nibindi. Ingaruka ya acide ku byuma ku bushyuhe bwinshi hepfo y iriba irashobora kugabanuka cyane wongeyeho UZ CI-180 mukuvanga aside. Youzhu yakiriwe neza n’ikigo gishinzwe gucunga peteroli y’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba kubera imishinga yayo mu gusukura imiyoboro, gutunganya amazi, no gufata neza ibikoresho.

Iherereye ku Muhanda wa Dong San mu mujyi wa Dongying, iriba rya Fengye 1-10HF ni iriba rya mbere ry’amavuta ya shale ya horizontal yacitse kuri bariyeri yiminsi 20 yo gucukura, ikarangira iminsi 24 mbere yigihe giteganijwe. Ni kamwe mu turere dutatu twerekana amavuta ya shale y’igihugu yemejwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu n’akarere ka mbere kerekana imyigaragambyo y’amavuta ya shale yo mu Bushinwa. Kurangiza iriba iminsi 24 mbere yigihe giteganijwe, miliyoni zirenga 10 zamafaranga yazigamye mubiciro.

Bitewe no kuba hafi y'iriba ryegereye ryacitse kuri metero 400 gusa no kuba hafi y’urubibi rwa kaburimbo, Fengye 1-10HF yahuye n’ingaruka zo kwinjira mu mazi, gutemba, no gutakaza amazi. Byongeye kandi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kuriba bwateje ibibazo kubikoresho bitandukanye. Itsinda ryumushinga ryibanze ku nkunga yubuhanga bwubuhanga no gukemura ibibazo byingenzi byikoranabuhanga. Bakurikiranye gukemura inzitizi nkingorabahizi zo guhanura ibibanza byiza bitavanze, kugabanuka kubikoresho munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu, hamwe no kubana gutobora amazi no gutemba.

Bateje imbere kandi bashyira mubikorwa sisitemu yubukorikori kugirango bongere amazi. Muri ibyo, ibyongewemo byamazi ya TF FL WH-1 Cement Fluid-gutakaza inyongeramusaruro, yakozwe na Youzhu irashobora gukora firime yujuje ubuziranenge hejuru y’iriba rya shale, ikabuza gushungura filtrate yinjira mu mikorere, TF FL WH- 1 yagenewe gukoreshwa mu mariba afite umwobo wo hasi uzenguruka ubushyuhe (BHCTs) muri 60 ℉ (15,6 ℃) kugeza 400 ℉ (204 ℃).

TF FL WH-1 itanga igenzura ryamazi ya API munsi ya 36cc / 30min mugihe igenzura iyimuka rya gaze kuva yashizweho. Mubisanzwe 0,6% kugeza kuri 2.0% BWOC irakenewe mubitotsi byinshi. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa kuri dosiye iri munsi ya 0.8% BWOCthere kurinda ikigega no gutuza iriba. Ibi bifunga neza imyenge ya shale hamwe na microfractures, bikarinda gucukura amazi ya filtrate gutera no kugabanya kwanduza umuvuduko wa pore, byongera cyane kubuza amazi gucukura.

Ibisubizo byo mu murima byerekana ko amazi menshi ashingiye kumazi yo gutobora atabuza cyane, byongera umuvuduko wo gucukura, bihamye mubushyuhe bwinshi, birinda ikigega, kandi bitangiza ibidukikije.

Muri Gashyantare 2022, iriba rya Bazhong 1HF rya Sinopec, riherereye mu ruzi rwa Jurassic ruzi rwa peteroli na gazi, rwatangije igitekerezo cyo "kuvunika, kwibiza, no gufunga neza" igitekerezo cyo kuvunika. Ubu buryo bwashyizweho kugira ngo bukemure ibiranga imigezi yinzuzi yuzuye ibigega byumusenyi hamwe na coefficient zo hejuru. Tekinoroji yamenetse yamenetse, ikubiyemo "gukata cyane + gucomeka by'agateganyo no gutandukana + kongera ingufu z'umucanga mwinshi + kongera amavuta ya imbibition," byongereye cyane ubushobozi bwo gutembera kwa peteroli na gaze yo munsi y'ubutaka kandi hashyirwaho uburyo bushya bwo kuvunika, butanga icyerekezo kinini- igipimo cyo kuvunika amariba atambitse.

Youzhuo yongeyeho ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutakaza amazi, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kurwanya amashanyarazi, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubwoko bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bwo mumazi yamenetse byatsinze umuvuduko nibibazo byo gutakaza amazi biterwa numuvuduko ukabije wibibyimba, guhangayika neza, nimbaraga zurutare. Ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ryo gucomeka gel, rikomoka muri kaminuza y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli y’iburengerazuba, ryemerera gel idasanzwe guhita ihagarika gutembera nyuma yo kwinjira mu gihombo, yuzuza imvune n’ahantu hatagaragara, ikora "gel plug" itandukanya amazi yimbere yimbere ava mumazi meza. Iri koranabuhanga rifite akamaro kanini kumeneka gukabije kumenetse, kuvunika, no kumeneka hamwe no gutakaza amazi menshi hamwe nubunini buke bwo kugaruka.

Ku ya 30 Gicurasi 2023, saa 11:46 AM, ikibuga cya peteroli cya Tarim cyo mu Bushinwa gishinzwe peteroli (CNPC) cyatangiye gucukura ku iriba rya Shendi Teke 1, byerekana ko hatangiye urugendo rwo gucukumbura ubumenyi bwimbitse bwa geologiya n’ubuhanga mu bujyakuzimu bugera Metero 10,000. Ibi nibihe byamateka yubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwubushinwa, byerekana intambwe ikomeye mumikoreshereze yubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwigihugu muri iki gihugu ndetse nintangiriro y "ibihe bya metero 10,000" mubushobozi bwo gucukura.

Iriba rya Shendi Teke 1 riherereye mu Ntara ya Shaya, Perefegitura ya Aksu, mu Bushinwa, rwagati mu butayu bwa Taklamakan. Ni "umushinga w'isi wimbitse" wakozwe na CNPC mu kibanza cya peteroli cya Tarim, cyegeranye n'akarere ka Fuman ultra-deep-peteroli na gazi, ifite ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 8000 n'ububiko bwa toni miliyari imwe. Iriba rifite uburebure bwa metero 11.100 hamwe nigihe giteganijwe cyo gucukura no kurangiza iminsi 457. Ku ya 4 Werurwe 2024, ubujyakuzimu bwa Shendi Teke 1 bwarengeje metero 10,000, bituma iba iriba rya kabiri ku isi ndetse n’iriba rya mbere ryahagaritse Aziya kurenga ubujyakuzimu. Iyi ntambwe yerekana ko Ubushinwa bwatsinze ubwigenge ibibazo bya tekiniki bijyanye no gucukura amariba maremare yimbitse.

Gucukura ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 10,000 ni umwe mu mirima igoye mu ikoranabuhanga rya peteroli na gaze, hamwe n’ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki. Nibimenyetso byingenzi byerekana ikoranabuhanga ryubuhanga nubushobozi bwibikoresho byigihugu. Guhura nubushyuhe bukabije nubushyuhe bwumuvuduko, iterambere ryinshi ryakozwe mumazi yo gucukura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, moteri irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe na tekinoroji yo gucukura. Iterambere ryagezweho kandi mu bikoresho fatizo byo gutoranya ibikoresho no gutema insinga, amakamyo y’umuvuduko ukabije w’amakamyo afite ubushobozi bwa MPa 175, hamwe n’ibikoresho byavunitse, byageragejwe neza ku rubuga. Iterambere ryatumye hashyirwaho ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryogucukura neza kandi neza no kurangiza amariba yimbitse.

Muri sisitemu yo gucukura ikoreshwa muri uyu mushinga, ubushuhe bwihariye bwo hejuru, ibidukikije byumuvuduko mwinshi byakemuwe hifashishijwe iterambere ry’igabanuka ry’amazi yatakaye hamwe na za ruswa zibuza ruswa zigumana imiterere myiza y’imiterere y’ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi byoroshye guhinduka no kubungabunga. Ibikoresho byongera ibumba byongereye ubushobozi bwo kuvomerera ibice byibumba mugihe cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, bigahindura imiterere n’imihindagurikire y’amazi yo gucukura.

Amavuta ya shale ya Jimusar nigice cyambere cy’ubushinwa cyerekana amavuta ya shale ku isi, giherereye mu burasirazuba bw’ikibaya cya Junggar. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,278 kandi ifite umutungo ungana na toni miliyari 1.112. Muri 2018, iterambere rinini ryamavuta ya shale ya Jimusar ryatangiye. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, akarere ka Shitingi ya Jimusar y’igihugu cya Shitingi y’amavuta yerekanaga toni 315.000 y’amavuta ya shale, bikerekana amateka mashya. Agace k’imyiyerekano karimo kwihutisha ingufu mu kongera ububiko bwa peteroli ya shale n’umusaruro, hakaba hateganijwe kuzuza amariba 100 yo gucukura n’amariba 110 yamenetse mu 2024.

Amavuta ya Shale, ni amavuta yometse ku rutare rwa shale cyangwa mu bice byayo, ni bumwe mu bwoko bwamavuta bugoye gukuramo. Sinayi ifite umutungo wa peteroli wa shale ufite amahirwe menshi yo gushakisha no kwiteza imbere. Ubushinwa bwagaragaje umutungo wa peteroli ya shale nk'akarere k'ingenzi mu gusimbuza peteroli. Wu Chengmei, injeniyeri wa kabiri mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya cy’ibikorwa by’amavuta ya Jiqing mu gace ka Sinayi, asobanura ko ubusanzwe amavuta ya shale ya Jimusar ashyingurwa muri metero zirenga 3.800. Gushyingura byimbitse kandi cyane cyane byoroha bituma gukuramo bitoroshye nko kuvana amavuta mumabuye.

Iterambere ry’amavuta ya shale yo mu Bushinwa muri rusange rihura n’ibibazo bine bikomeye: icya mbere, peteroli iraremereye cyane, ku buryo bitoroshye kugenda; icya kabiri, ibibanza byiza ni bito kandi bigoye guhanura; icya gatatu, ibumba ryinshi ryibumba bituma kuvunika bigorana; kane, isaranganya ntirihuye, igora ibikorwa. Izi ngingo zimaze igihe kinini zibuza iterambere rinini kandi ryiza ryamavuta ya shale yo kwisi mubushinwa. Muri uyu mushinga, mu kuvura amazi yamenetse yamenetse, hakoreshwa inyongeramusaruro nshya mu kugabanya umwanda no gutunganya ayo mazi, ikayihindura amazi yamenetse kugirango yongere gukoreshwa. Ubu buryo bwageragejwe ku mariba icyenda muri 2023 hamwe nibisubizo byiza. Kuva muri kamena 2024, umushinga urateganya gukoresha amazi yamenetse yongeye gusubirwamo mugikorwa kinini cyo kuvunika.

Ishingiro nyamukuru ryumushinga rigizwe namakara yamakara, ibara ryumukara nicyatsi kibisi, aribyo byangiza amazi. Muri peteroli ya Jimusar ya shale, igice cyo gufungura umwobo wa iriba rya kabiri ni kirekire, kandi igihe cyo gushira cyongerewe. Niba icyondo gishingiye kumazi gikoreshwa, gusenyuka no guhungabana birashoboka, ariko amavuta yo gucukura ashingiye kumavuta ntabwo atera ingaruka zamazi. Amavuta yo mumazi ya emulsiyasi yamashanyarazi, iyo ahamye, nayo ntabwo atera ingaruka zamazi, bityo amavuta yo gucukura ashingiye kumavuta ntabwo atera umuvuduko wo kubyimba. Ubushakashatsi bwatumye hashyirwaho uburyo bw’ibyondo bushingiye kuri peteroli, hamwe n’amahame n’ingamba zo kurwanya gusenyuka ku buryo bukurikira: 1. Kubuza imiti: Kugenzura igipimo cy’amavuta n’amazi hejuru ya 80:20 kugirango igabanye icyiciro cy’amazi mu miterere, ikumire neza. kubyimba no gusenyuka kw'amakara hamwe no gufata amazi cyane. 2. Gucomeka kumubiri: Ongeramo ibintu biremereye nkibikoresho bya calcium mbere yimiterere idakomeye kugirango byongere imbaraga zo kwihanganira imbaraga no kwirinda kumeneka neza. 3. Ibikoresho bipima byakozwe na Sosiyete ya Youzhu birashobora kugera ku ngaruka zifuzwa, bikarangira neza kandi neza kurangiza imishinga yo gucukura no kurangiza neza.