Oilfield Chemical Zowonjezera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Milandu

Mu 2022, poyang'anizana ndi mliri wa COVID-19, Northwest Oilfield Well Completion Management Center idamaliza mapulojekiti 24, kuphatikizapo zida zowongolera zitsime zamafuta ndi kuyeretsa mapaipi otsekeka kwambiri, zomwe zidapulumutsa ndalama zogulira za 13.683 miliyoni yuan.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amafuta, kukula kwa mapaipi kumachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu ya sera, ma polima, ndi mchere, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa mafuta osakonzedwa ndikukhudza kupanga mafuta osakonzedwa. Chifukwa chake, makampani obowola nthawi zambiri amatsuka mapaipi kamodzi pachaka. Pambuyo pokonza mipata yolumikizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa mapaipi.

Kawirikawiri, mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi amafuta amakhala ndi dzimbiri pamwamba pa mkati ndi kunja. Ngati sakutsukidwa, izi zidzadetsa mafuta a hydraulic pambuyo pogwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a zida za hydraulic. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchotsa dzimbiri pamwamba pa mapaipi kudzera mu kutsuka ndi asidi. Kutsuka ndi asidi kumathanso kuchotsa dzimbiri pamwamba pa mapaipi, zomwe zimathandiza popaka utoto wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri pamwamba pa mapaipi, kupereka chitetezo cholimba chotsutsana ndi dzimbiri. Kutsuka ndi asidi nthawi zambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la asidi lokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 0% mpaka 15%. Kampani ya Youzhu, popereka zinthu zoletsa dzimbiri: UZ CI-180, choletsa dzimbiri chosagwira kutentha kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Popanga asidi kapena pickling, asidiyo idzawononga chitsulocho, ndipo kutentha kwambiri, liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa chake, popanga mafuta, kupewa dzimbiri pa chitoliro chotentha kwambiri ndikofunikira kwambiri, chomwe sichimangogwirizana ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mafuta, komanso chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha kupanga. Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'mapaipi ndi zida kumadalira nthawi yolumikizirana, kuchuluka kwa asidi ndi kutentha, ndi zina zotero. UZ CI-180 ili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kufika pa 350°F (180°C), mphamvu ya asidi pa chitsulo kutentha kwambiri pansi pa chitsime ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri powonjezera UZ CI-180 ku chisakanizo cha asidi. Youzhu yalandira ulemu waukulu kuchokera ku Northwest Oilfield Management Center chifukwa cha mapulojekiti ake oyeretsa mapaipi, kupanga madzi obowola, ndi kukonza zida.

Chitsime cha Fengye 1-10HF chomwe chili pa Dong San Road ku Dongying City, ndi chitsime choyamba cha mafuta a shale chopingasa chomwe chimadutsa chotchinga cha masiku 20 chobowola, ndikumaliza masiku 24 pasadakhale. Ndi chimodzi mwa malo atatu owonetsera mafuta a shale omwe avomerezedwa ndi National Energy Administration komanso malo oyamba owonetsera mafuta a shale ku China. Pomaliza chitsimecho masiku 24 pasadakhale, ndalama zopitilira 10 miliyoni zasungidwa.

Chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa chitsime chapafupi chomwe chinali pamtunda wa mamita 400 okha komanso kuyandikira kwa malire a miyala yamwala, chitsime cha Fengye 1-10HF chinali ndi zoopsa zolowa m'madzi, kusefukira, ndi kutayika kwa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwambiri pansi pa chitsime kunabweretsa mavuto ku zida zosiyanasiyana. Gulu la polojekitiyi linayang'ana kwambiri pakuthandizira ukadaulo wauinjiniya ndi kuthana ndi mavuto akuluakulu aukadaulo. Anathetsa motsatizana zopinga monga kuvutika kuneneratu kusiyana kwakukulu kwa malo okoma, zoletsa za zida pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika, komanso kukhalapo kwa kutayika ndi kutuluka kwa madzi obowola.

Iwo adapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira matope kuti awonjezere kusinthasintha kwa madzi. Pakati pa izi, zowonjezera zamadzimadzi obowola TF FL WH-1 Cement Fluid-loss Additives, zomwe Youzhu adapanga zitha kupanga filimu yapamwamba pamwamba pa shale wellbore, zomwe zimaletsa kuti madzi obowola asalowe mu kapangidwe kake, TF FL WH-1 idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'zitsime zokhala ndi kutentha kozungulira pansi (BHCTs) mu 60℉(15.6℃) mpaka 400℉ (204℃).

TF FL WH-1 imapereka mphamvu yowongolera kutayika kwa madzi a API pansi pa 36cc/30min pamene ikulamulira kusamuka kwa mpweya kuchokera ku kapangidwe kake. Nthawi zambiri 0.6% mpaka 2.0% BWOC imafunika m'malo ambiri otayirira. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wochepera 0.8% BWOC potero imateteza malo osungiramo madzi ndikukhazikitsa chitsime. Izi zimatseka bwino ma shale pores ndi ma microfractures, kuteteza kuti madzi obowola asalowe ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya ma pore, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi obowola asamalowerere ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya ma pore, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi obowola asamayende bwino.

Zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'munda zikusonyeza kuti madzi obowola omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndi oletsa kwambiri, amawonjezera liwiro la kubowola kwa makina, amakhala okhazikika kutentha kwambiri, amateteza dziwe losungiramo madzi, ndipo ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe.

Mu February 2022, chitsime cha Sinopec cha Bazhong 1HF, chomwe chili mu malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi a mchenga wa Jurassic river channel, chinapereka njira yatsopano yopangira "fracturing, imbibition, ndi well shut-in integration". Njirayi idapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a malo osungiramo miyala ya mchenga wamtsinje wokhuthala komanso ma coefficients amphamvu opangira. Ukadaulo wokonzedwa bwino wa fracturing, womwe umaphatikizapo "kudula mwamphamvu + kutseka kwakanthawi ndi kusinthasintha + kuwonjezera mchenga wamphamvu kwambiri + kuwonjezera mafuta a imbibition," unawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya kuyenda kwa mafuta ndi gasi pansi pa nthaka ndikukhazikitsa chitsanzo chatsopano cha fracturing, kupereka chizindikiro cha fracturing yayikulu ya zitsime zopingasa.

Chowonjezera cha Youzhuo chotaya madzi otentha kwambiri, chothandizira choteteza kugwa kwa madzi kutentha kwambiri, komanso chowongolera kutentha kwambiri mumadzi osweka chimathetsa mavuto opsinjika ndi kutaya madzi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa ma pore opangidwa, kupsinjika kwa wellbore, ndi mphamvu ya miyala. Ukadaulo wapadera woyika ma gel, wochokera ku Southwest Petroleum University, umalola gel yapaderayi kuti izimitse kuyenda yokha ikalowa mu gawo lotayika, kudzaza malo osweka ndi opanda kanthu, ndikupanga "gel plug" yomwe imalekanitsa madzi opangidwa mkati ndi madzi osweka. Ukadaulo uwu ndi wothandiza kwambiri pakutuluka kwakukulu kwa madzi osweka, obowoka, ndi osweka omwe ali ndi kutaya kwakukulu kwa madzi komanso kubweza kochepa.

Pa 30 Meyi, 2023, nthawi ya 11:46 AM, Tarim Oilfield of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) inayamba kukumba chitsime cha Shendi Teke 1, zomwe zinayambitsa ulendo wofufuza sayansi ya zamoyo ndi uinjiniya wozama kwambiri pa kuya kwa mamita 10,000. Izi zikusonyeza nthawi yakale ya uinjiniya wa dziko la China, zomwe zikusonyeza kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wofufuza za nthaka yozama mdzikolo komanso chiyambi cha "nthawi ya mamita 10,000" pakubowola.

Chitsime cha Shendi Teke 1 chili ku Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, pakati pa chipululu cha Taklamakan. Ndi "pulojekiti yofunika kwambiri ya dziko lapansi" ya CNPC ku Tarim Oilfield, pafupi ndi dera la mafuta ndi gasi la Fuman lozama kwambiri, lomwe lili ndi kuya kwa mamita 8,000 ndi malo osungira matani biliyoni imodzi. Chitsimechi chili ndi kuya kwa mamita 11,100 komwe kwakonzedwa komanso nthawi yomaliza yobowola ndi kumaliza kwa masiku 457. Pa Marichi 4, 2024, kuya kwa kubowola kwa Shendi Teke 1 kunapitirira mamita 10,000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso choyamba choyima ku Asia kudutsa kuya kumeneku. Izi zikusonyeza kuti China yapambana payokha mavuto aukadaulo okhudzana ndi kubowola zitsime zakuya kwambiri za kukula kumeneku.

Kuboola pansi pa mamita 10,000 ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri mu ukadaulo wa mafuta ndi gasi, ndi zovuta zambiri zaukadaulo. Ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha luso la ukadaulo wa dzikolo komanso zida. Poyang'anizana ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika mu madzi oboola otentha kwambiri, ma mota osatentha kwambiri, ndi ukadaulo woboola molunjika. Kupambana kwachitikanso mu zida zoyesera ndi zolembera za chingwe, magalimoto oboola amphamvu kwambiri okhala ndi mphamvu ya 175 MPa, ndi zida zamadzimadzi zoboola, zomwe zinayesedwa bwino pamalopo. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri woboola bwino komanso motetezeka komanso kumaliza zitsime zozama kwambiri.

Mu njira yobowolera madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu polojekitiyi, malo enieni otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri adakonzedwa ndi kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri zochepetsera kutayika kwa madzi ndi zoletsa dzimbiri zomwe zimasunga mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za rheological pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndipo ndizosavuta kusintha ndikusamalira. Zowonjezera zowongolera dongo zidathandizanso kutulutsa madzi kwa tinthu ta dongo pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha ndi kukhazikika kwa madzi obowolera.

Mafuta a shale a Jimusar ndi malo oyamba owonetsera mafuta a shale padziko lonse lapansi ku China, omwe ali kum'mawa kwa Chigwa cha Junggar. Ali ndi malo okwana makilomita 1,278 ndipo ali ndi malo osungiramo zinthu okwana matani 1.112 biliyoni. Mu 2018, chitukuko chachikulu cha mafuta a shale a Jimusar chinayamba. Mu kotala loyamba, Xinjiang Jimusar National Terrestrial Shale Oil Demonstration Zone idapanga matani 315,000 a mafuta a shale, zomwe zikukhazikitsa mbiri yatsopano yakale. Malo owonetsera akufulumizitsa khama lowonjezera mafuta a shale ndi kupanga, ndi mapulani oti amalize zitsime 100 zokumba ndi zitsime 110 zophwanyika pofika chaka cha 2024.

Mafuta a shale, omwe amamangiriridwa ku miyala ya shale kapena mkati mwa ming'alu yake, ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yovuta kwambiri yotulutsa mafuta. Xinjiang ili ndi mafuta ambiri a shale omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wofufuza ndi chitukuko. China yazindikira mafuta a shale ngati malo ofunikira kwambiri osinthira mafuta mtsogolo. Wu Chengmei, mainjiniya wachiwiri ku Geological Research Center of Jiqing Oilfield Operations Area ku Xinjiang Oilfield, akufotokoza kuti mafuta a shale a Jimusar nthawi zambiri amakwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka mamita opitilira 3,800. Kukwiriridwa mozama komanso kutsika kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti kuchotsedwako kukhale kovuta monga momwe kuchotsa mafuta kuchokera ku whetstone.

Kukula kwa mafuta a shale ku China nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi mavuto anayi akuluakulu: choyamba, mafutawo ndi olemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aziyenda movutikira; chachiwiri, malo otsekemera ndi ochepa komanso ovuta kuneneratu; chachitatu, kuchuluka kwa dongo kumapangitsa kuti kusweka kukhale kovuta; chachinayi, kufalikira kwake sikusinthasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zikhale zovuta. Zinthu izi zakhala zikuletsa chitukuko chachikulu komanso chogwira mtima cha mafuta a shale ku China. Mu polojekitiyi, pochiza madzi obwerera m'mbuyo, chowonjezera chatsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe ndikubwezeretsanso madziwo, ndikubwezeretsa kukhala madzi osweka kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito. Njirayi idayesedwa pa zitsime zisanu ndi zinayi mu 2023 ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zabwino kwambiri. Pofika mu June 2024, polojekitiyi ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osweka omwe adakonzedwanso pantchito yayikulu yosweka.

Kapangidwe kake ka pulojekitiyi kamakhala ndi mipata ya malasha, magawo a miyala yakuda ndi yofiirira, omwe ndi mapangidwe osavuta kumva madzi. Mu chipika cha mafuta a Jimusar shale, gawo lotseguka la chitsime chachiwiri ndi lalitali, ndipo nthawi yonyowa imakulitsidwa. Ngati matope ochokera m'madzi agwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwa ndi kusakhazikika kungakhalepo, koma madzi obowola ochokera m'mafuta samayambitsa zotsatira za madzi. Madzi obowola opangidwa ndi mafuta m'madzi, akakhala okhazikika, samayambitsanso zotsatira za madzi, motero madzi obowola ochokera m'mafuta sapanga mphamvu zotupa zamadzi. Kafukufuku wapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yogwiritsira ntchito matope ochokera m'mafuta, yokhala ndi mfundo zotsutsana ndi kugwa ndi miyeso motere: 1. Kuletsa mankhwala: Kulamulira chiŵerengero cha mafuta ndi madzi pamwamba pa 80:20 kuti muchepetse kulowa kwa madzi mu kapangidwe kake, kupewa kutupa ndi kugwa kwa mipata ya malasha ndi mapangidwe osavuta kumva madzi. 2. Kutseka thupi: Kuwonjezera zinthu zolemera monga calcium pasadakhale m'mapangidwe ofooka kuti muwonjezere mphamvu yonyamula mphamvu yopangira ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa zitsime. 3. Thandizo la makina: Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa 1.52g/cm³, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kufika pa 1.58g/cm³ mu gawo lomanga. Zinthu zoyezera zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Youzhu Company zimatha kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zobowola ndi kumaliza zitsime zikuyenda bwino komanso bwino.