Ngā Take Whakamahinga o ngā Tāpiringa Matū o te Mara Hinu

I te tau 2022, i te aroaro o te pānga o te mate urutā COVID-19, i oti i te Pokapū Whakahaere Puna Hinu o Te Tai Tokerau te 24 ngā kaupapa, tae atu ki ngā taputapu whakahaere puna hinu me te horoi paipa aukati hinu nui, ā, i penapenahia e rātou ngā utu hoko o te 13.683 miriona yuan.

I te wā e whakamahia ana ngā paipa hinu, ka piki haere te whaiti o te whānui o te paipa nā te pānga o te ware pi, ngā pūmua, me ngā tote, ka whakaiti i te rere o te hinu mata, ka pā hoki ki te whakaputanga hinu mata. Nō reira, ko te tikanga ka horoia ngā paipa e ngā kamupene keri i te tau kotahi. I muri i te maimoatanga o ngā hononga whakarewa o ngā hononga paipa, me horoi ngā paipa.

I ngā āhuatanga whānui, he waikura kei roto, kei waho hoki ngā mata o ngā paipa rino e whakamahia ana hei paipa hinu. Ki te kore e horoia, ka poke te hinu waipēhi i muri i te whakamahinga, ka pā ki te mahi noa o ngā taputapu waipēhi. Nō reira, me tango te waikura i te mata o roto o ngā paipa mā te horoi waikawa. Ka taea hoki e te horoi waikawa te tango i te waikura i te mata o waho o ngā paipa, he mea whai hua mō te paninga peita ārai-waikura ki te mata o waho o ngā paipa, hei whakarato i te tiaki ārai-waikura mō te wā roa. Ko te horoi waikawa te tikanga ka whakamahia he otinga waikawa me te kukū o te 0% ki te 15%. Ko te Kamupene Youzhu, mā te whakarato i ngā hua aukati waikura: UZ CI-180, he aukati waikura waikawa ātete pāmahana teitei mō te whakamahinga o te mara hinu. I roto i te tukanga waikawa, te whakapūkara rānei, ka waikura te maitai e te waikawa, ā, i te pāmahana teitei, ka tino piki ake te tere me te whānuitanga o te waikura, nō reira, i roto i te whakaputanga mara hinu, he mea tino nui te aukati waikura o ngā paipa pāmahana teitei, ehara i te mea e pā ana ki ngā painga o te whakamahi i te mara hinu anake, engari e pā tata ana ki te haumaru whakaputanga. Ko te nui o te horo waikawa i runga i ngā paipa me ngā taputapu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā pa atu, te kukū waikawa me ngā āhuatanga pāmahana, me ētahi atu. He tino pai te ātete o te UZ CI-180 ki te pāmahana teitei, ā, i ngā pāmahana tae atu ki te 350°F (180°C), ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga waikura o te waikawa ki te maitai i ngā pāmahana teitei i raro i te puna mā te tāpiri i te UZ CI-180 ki te ranunga waikawa. Kua whiwhi a Youzhu i te whakamihi nui mai i te Northwest Oilfield Management Center mō āna kaupapa i roto i te horoi paipa, te hanga wai keri, me te tiaki taputapu.

Kei te Huarahi o Dong San i te Tāone o Dongying, ko te puna Fengye 1-10HF te puna whakapae hinu kirikiri tuatahi ki te pakaru i te arai huringa keri 20-rā, e oti ana i roto i ngā rā 24 i mua i te wā i whakaritea. Ko tētahi o ngā rohe whakaaturanga hinu kirikiri ā-motu e toru kua whakaaetia e te Whakahaere Pūngao ā-Motu, ā, ko te rohe whakaaturanga ā-motu tuatahi mō te hinu kirikiri o te kokoru whenua i Haina. Mā te whakaoti i te puna i roto i ngā rā 24 i mua i te wā i whakaritea, neke atu i te 10 miriona yuan i penapenahia i roto i ngā utu.

Nā te tata ki tētahi puna tata e 400 mita noa te tawhiti, me te tata hoki ki te rohe toka kirikiri, i tūpono te puna Fengye 1-10HF ki ngā mōrearea o te urunga mai o te wai, te waipuke, me te ngaronga o te wai. I tua atu, i whakawerohia ngā taputapu maha e ngā pāmahana teitei i raro i te puna. I arotahi te tīma kaupapa ki te tautoko hangarau hangarau me te aro atu ki ngā take hangarau matua. I whakaotihia e rātou ngā herenga pēnei i te uauatanga ki te matapae i ngā wāhi pai rerekē, ngā herenga o ngā taputapu i raro i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga teitei, me te noho tahi o te ngaronga me te rerenga mai o te wai keri.

I whakawhanakehia, i whakamahia hoki e rātou tētahi pūnaha paru hangai-hangai hei whakapai ake i te rere o te wai. I roto i ēnei, ko te tāpiri wai keri o nāianei TF FL WH-1 Cement Fluid-loss Additives, i whakawhanakehia e Youzhu, ka taea te hanga i tētahi kiriata kounga teitei ki runga i te mata o te poka waipara, hei ārai i te wai keri kei uru ki te hanganga. Kua hangaia te TF FL WH-1 hei whakamahi i roto i ngā poka me ngā pāmahana rere o raro-poka (BHCT) i waenga i te 60℉(15.6℃) ki te 400℉(204℃).

Mā te TF FL WH-1 ka taea te whakahaere i te ngaronga wai API i raro i te 36cc/30min, me te whakahaere anō hoki i te hekenga hau mai i te hanganga. Ko te tikanga, e hiahiatia ana te 0.6% ki te 2.0% BWOC i roto i te nuinga o ngā para. Ka whakamahia i te nuinga o te wā i raro i te 0.8% BWOC, hei tiaki i te puna me te whakau i te poka. Ka hiritia pai ngā pūwero kirikiri me ngā pakaru moroiti, ka ārai i te urunga mai o te wai keri me te whakaiti i te tukunga o te pēhanga pūwero, ka whakanui ake i te aukati i te wai keri.

E whakaatu ana ngā hua o te tono parae he tino ārai te wai keri wai-teitei, he tere ake te keri miihini, he pumau i ngā pāmahana tiketike, he tiaki i te puna wai, ā, he pai mō te taiao.

I te Hui-tanguru 2022, i whakaarohia e te puna Bazhong 1HF a Sinopec, kei roto i te puna hinu me te hau kirikiri o te awa o Jurassic, te ariā hoahoa pakaru "whawhati, imbibition, me te whakaurunga kati-roto o te puna". I whakawhanakehia tēnei huarahi hei aro ki ngā āhuatanga o ngā puna kirikiri kirikiri matotoru o te awa me ngā tauwehenga pēhanga hanganga teitei. Ko te hangarau pakaru kua arotauhia, tae atu ki te "tapahi piri + te mono me te huri rangitahi + te tāpiri onepu kaha-nui + te whakarei ake i te hinu imbibition," i whakanui ake i te kaha rere o te hinu me te hau o raro whenua, ā, i whakatūria he tauira pakaru hou, e whakarato ana i te tohutoro mō te pakaru nui o ngā puna whakapae.

Mā te tāpiringa ngaronga wai pāmahana-tiketike a Youzhuo, te kaihopu ārai-hinga pāmahana-tiketike, me te kaiwhakahaere momo rere pāmahana-tiketike i roto i te wai pakaru ka wikitoria i ngā wero pēhanga me te ngaronga wai i puta mai i te pēhanga o ngā pūwero hanganga, te ahotea o te poka wai, me te kaha o te toka. Mā te hangarau mono ira motuhake, i ahu mai i Te Whare Wānanga o Southwest Petroleum, ka taea e te ira motuhake te mutu aunoa i te rere i muri i te urunga ki te paparanga ngaronga, ka whakakī i ngā pakaru me ngā āputa, ka hanga he "mono ira" e wehe ana i te wai hanganga o roto mai i te wai poka wai. He tino whai hua tēnei hangarau mō te turuturu nui i roto i ngā hanganga pakaru, pūwero, me ngā hanganga pakaru me te nui o te ngaronga wai me te iti o ngā rahinga whakahoki.

I te 30 o Mei, 2023, i te 11:46 AM, ka tīmata te keri i te puna o Shendi Teke 1 e te Mara Hinu o Tarim o te China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), hei tohu i te tīmatanga o te haerenga ki te tūhura i ngā pūtaiao whenua me te hangarau hohonu rawa atu i ngā hohonutanga e tae atu ana ki te 10,000 mita. He wā hītori tēnei mō te hangarau whenua hohonu o Haina, e tohu ana i tētahi putanga nui i roto i te hangarau tūhura whenua hohonu o te whenua me te tīmatanga o te "wā 10,000-mita" i roto i ngā kaha keri.

Kei te takiwa o Shaya, te rohe o Aksu, Xinjiang, te puna o Shendi Teke 1, i waenganui o te Koraha o Taklamakan. He "kaupapa whenua hohonu" nui tēnei nā CNPC i roto i te Mara Hinu o Tarim, e tata ana ki te rohe hinu me te hau hohonu rawa o Fuman, he hohonutanga 8,000 mita me ngā rahui o te kotahi piriona tana. Ko te hohonutanga kua hoahoatia mō te puna he 11,100 mita, ā, ko te wā keri me te whakaoti kua whakaritea he 457 rā. I te 4 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2024, i neke atu i te 10,000 mita te hohonutanga o te keri o Shendi Teke 1, koia te puna poutū tuarua o te ao me te tuatahi o Āhia ki te hipa i tēnei hohonutanga. E tohu ana tēnei tohu kua wikitoria motuhake a Haina i ngā wero hangarau e pā ana ki te keri i ngā puna hohonu rawa o tēnei rahi.

Ko te keri i ngā hōhonutanga o te 10,000 mita tētahi o ngā mara tino uaua o te hangarau miihini hinu me te hau, he maha ngā arai hangarau. He tohu matua hoki tēnei mō ngā pūkenga hangarau me ngā taputapu o tētahi whenua. I te aroaro o ngā āhuatanga pāmahana me te pēhanga tino kino o raro i te poka, i puta he whanaketanga nui i roto i ngā wai keri pāmahana teitei, ngā motuka ātete pāmahana teitei, me ngā hangarau keri ahunga. I tutuki hoki ngā putanga hou i roto i ngā taputapu tauira matua me te taura takiuru, ngā taraka pakaru pēhanga tino teitei me te kaha 175 MPa, me ngā taputapu wai pakaru, i whakamatautauria angitu i te papaanga. Nā ēnei whanaketanga i hua ake ai he maha ngā hangarau nui mō te keri haumaru me te whai hua me te whakaoti i ngā puna hohonu rawa.

I roto i te pūnaha wai keri i whakamahia i tēnei kaupapa, i arohia ngā taiao pāmahana teitei, pēhanga teitei mā te whakawhanake i ngā mea whakaiti i te ngaronga wai me ngā aukati waikura pai e pupuri ana i ngā āhuatanga rheological pai rawa atu i raro i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakarerekē me te tiaki. I whakarei ake hoki ngā tāpiringa whakahaere uku i te kaha tango wai o ngā matūriki uku i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana tino teitei, me te whakapai ake i te urutau me te pumau o te wai keri.

Ko te hinu kirikiri o Jimusar te rohe whakaaturanga hinu kirikiri whenua tuatahi o Haina, kei te taha rawhiti o te Junggar Basin. E 1,278 kiromita tapawha te rahi, ā, e 1.112 piriona tana te rahi o te rauemi rahui. I te tau 2018, i tīmata te whanaketanga nui o te hinu kirikiri o Jimusar. I te hauwhā tuatahi, i whakaputahia e te Rohe Whakaaturanga Hinu Kirikiri Whenua Whenua o Xinjiang Jimusar te 315,000 tana o te hinu kirikiri, ka whakatakoto i tētahi rekoata hītori hou. Kei te tere haere te rohe whakaaturanga i ngā mahi ki te whakanui ake i ngā rahui me te whakaputanga hinu kirikiri, me ngā mahere ki te whakaoti i te 100 puna keri me te 110 puna pakaru i te tau 2024.

Ko te hinu kirikiri, he hinu e piri ana ki te toka kirikiri, ki roto rānei i ōna kapiti, tētahi o ngā momo hinu tino uaua ki te tango. He nui ngā rauemi hinu kirikiri o Xinjiang, ā, he whānui ngā huarahi hei tūhura me te whakawhanake. Kua tautuhia e Haina ngā rauemi hinu kirikiri hei wāhi matua mō te whakakapinga hinu ā muri ake nei. E whakamārama ana a Wu Chengmei, he miihini tuarua i te Pokapū Rangahau Whenua o te Rohe Mahi o te Mara Hinu o Jiqing i te Mara Hinu o Xinjiang, ko te hinu kirikiri o Jimusar e tanumia ana i te nuinga o te wā neke atu i te 3,800 mita i raro i te whenua. Nā te hohonu o te tanumanga me te iti o te uruhanga ka uaua te tangohanga, pērā i te tango hinu mai i te kōhatu whiu.

Ko te whanaketanga hinu kirikiri whenua o Haina e whā ngā wero nui e pā ana ki te whanaketanga hinu kirikiri whenua: tuatahi, he taumaha te hinu, ā, he uaua ki te rere; tuarua, he iti ngā ira reka, ā, he uaua ki te matapae; tuatoru, he uaua te pakaru o te hinu nā te nui o te uku; tuawhā, he koretake te tohatoha, ā, he uaua ki ngā mahi. Kua roa nei ēnei āhuatanga e aukati ana i te whanaketanga nui me te whai hua o te hinu kirikiri whenua i Haina. I roto i te kaupapa, hei rongoā i te wai rere hoki o te pakaru, ka whakamahia he tāpiringa hou hei whakaiti i te parahanga me te hangarua i te wai, ka hurihia hei wai pakaru hei whakamahi anō. I whakamatautauria tēnei tikanga ki runga i ngā puna e iwa i te tau 2023 me ngā hua pai rawa atu. Mai i te Pipiri 2024, kei te whakamahere te kaupapa ki te whakamahi i te wai pakaru kua hangaia anō i roto i te mahi pakaru nui.

Ko te hanganga matua o te kaupapa he hononga waro, he wāhanga paru hina me te parauri, he hanganga tairongo ki te wai. I roto i te poraka hinu kirikiri Jimusar, he roa te wāhanga poka tuwhera o te puna tuarua, ā, ka roa ake te wā rumaki hanganga. Mena ka whakamahia te paru wai, tera pea ka hinga, ka koretake hoki, engari kāore ngā wai keri hinu e pāngia e te wai. Ko ngā wai keri hinu-i-roto-i-te-wai, ina pumau, kāore hoki e pāngia e te wai, nō reira kāore ngā wai keri hinu e hanga pēhanga pupuhi wai. Kua arahina e te rangahau te tango i tētahi pūnaha paru hinu, me ngā mātāpono me ngā mahi ārai-hinga penei: 1. Te aukati matū: Te whakahaere i te ōwehenga hinu-wai i runga ake i te 80:20 hei whakaiti i te urunga mai o te wai ki roto i te hanganga, me te ārai pai i te pupuhi me te hinga o ngā hononga waro me ngā hanganga tairongo-wai. 2. Te aukati tinana: Te tāpiri i ngā kaihoko taumaha pēnei i ngā rauemi konupūmā i mua i roto i ngā hanganga ngoikore hei whakarei ake i te kaha pupuri pēhanga hanganga me te ārai i te turuturu o te puna. 3. Tautoko ā-ringa: Te whakahaere i te mātotoru ki runga ake i te 1.52g/cm³, me te whakanui haere i te mātotoru ki te rohe hoahoa o te 1.58g/cm³ i te wāhanga hanga. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko taumaha i hangaia e te Kamupene Youzhu te whakatutuki i te hua e hiahiatia ana, kia pai ai te otinga o ngā kaupapa keri me te whakaoti puna.